On calculating the Weight of different parts of Machinery On Rate of Slip of Screw, &c. Given the Pressure of Steam admitted into the Cylinder, and the cut-off, to determine the Mean Pressure, Method I 270 318 Practical Hints as to the information to be derived from Indicator Diagrams To calculate the power from a Diagram off the Marine Engine On the form of the Figure when the Expansion Gear alone is used Difference of effect between throttling the Steam and cutting it off by the Expansion- On the form of the Diagram when the Steam is throttled by the Link Further remarks on Indicator Diagrams The Indicator Diagram off Air-pumps The Lever-The Wheel and Axle-The Differential Axle-The EXAMINATION OF ENGINEERS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY, Under the Merchant Shipping Acts, &c., Amendment Act, 1862. I. UNDER the provisions of the "Merchant Shipping Acts, &c., Amendment Act, 1862," no "Foreign-going Steam Ship," or "Home Trade Passenger Steam Ship, can obtain a clearance or transire, or legally proceed to sea, from any port in the United Kingdom, unless in the case of a Foreign-going Steam Ship of 100 nominal horse-power or upwards, the First and Second Engineers, and in the case of a Foreign-going Steam Ship of less than 100 nominal horse-power, or a Home Trade Passenger Steam Ship, the First or Only Engineer (as the case may be), have obtained and possess valid Certificates either of competency or service appropriate to their several stations in such Steam Ship, or of a higher grade. 2. Every person who, having been engaged to serve as First or Second Engineer in a Foreign-going Steam Ship of 100 nominal horse-power and upwards, or as First or Only Engineer in a Foreign-going Steam Ship of less than 100 nominal horse-power, or in a Home Trade Passenger Steam Ship, goes to sea as such First, Second, or Only Engineer, without being at the time entitled to and possessed of such a Certificate as the Act requires, or who employs any person as First or Second Engineer in a Foreign-going Steam Ship of 100 nominal horse-power and upwards, or as First or only Engineer in a Foreign-going Steam Ship of less than 100 nominal horse-power, or a Home Trade Passenger Steam Ship, without ascertaining that he is at the time entitled to and possessed of such Certificate, for each offence incurs a penalty not exceeding fifty pounds. 3. The Certificates of Engineers are of two descriptions, viz., Certificates of Competency, and Certificates of Service; and for each description of Certificate there are two grades, viz., “First-class Engineer's Certificates," and "Second-class Engineer's Certificates." 4. Certificates of Competency will be granted to those persons who pass the requisite examinations, and otherwise comply with the requisite conditions. For this purpose Examiners have been appointed by the Board of Trade, and arrangements have been made for holding the examinations in the places and at the times named in the Table marked A on page 4. The Examiners are selected generally from the Engineer Surveyors of the port; but no Engineer Surveyor is to undertake the duty unless he receives special instructions from the Board of Trade. 5. The application for examination is to be made on Form Exn. 3. The same Rules are to be observed by Engineers in making application to be examined, in paying the fees, and in forwarding testimonials, as in the case of applications by Masters and Mates. QUALIFICATIONS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY. 6. Second-class Engineer.-A candidate for a Second-class Engineer's Certificate must be 21 years of age; (a) He must have served an apprenticeship to an Engineer, and prove that during the period of his apprenticeship he has been employed on the making and repairing of engines: Or if he has not served an apprenticeship, he must prove that for not less than three years he has been employed in some factory or workshop on the making or repairing of engines. In either case he must also have served one year at sea in the Engine Room; or (b) He must have served at least four years at sea in the Engine Room. B (c) He must be able to give a description of boilers, and the methods of staying them, together with the use and management of the different valves, cocks, pipes, and connexions. (d) He must understand how to correct defects from accident, decay, &c., and the means of repairing such defects. (e) He must understand the use of the barometer, thermometer, hydrometer, and sali nometer. (f) He must state the causes, effects, and usual remedies for incrustation and corrosion. (9) He must be able to state how a temporary or permanent repair could be effected in case of derangement of a part of the machinery, or total break down. (h) He must write a legible hand, and understand the first five rules of arithmetic, and decimals. (i) He must be able to pass a creditable examination as to the various constructions of paddle and screw engines in general use; as to the details of the different working parts, external and internal, with the use of each part. 7. First-class Engineer.-A candidate for a First-class Engineer's Certificate must be 22 years of age. In addition to the qualification required for a Second-class Engineer, (a) He must either possess, or be entitled to a First-class Engineer's Certificate of Service; or in the event of his not being so possessed or entitled he must have served for one year with a Second-class Engineer's Certificate of competency. By this it is intended that the same rule shall be observed in the examination of engineers who are not in possession of a First-class Certificate of Service, as is observed in the examination of masters and mates; viz.,-that before the certificate of a higher grade is granted, certain service in the lower grade must be performed. The Examiner should therefore be satisfied that applicants for the First-class Engineer's Certificate have not only been in possession of a Second-class Certificate for twelve months, but that they have actually served for a period of not less than twelve months, in the engine-room, with a Second-class Certificate, in the capacity of a second engineer, and that their names have been entered in the articles of agreement, accordingly. (b) He must be able to make rough working drawings of the different parts of the engines and boilers. (e) He must also be able to take off and calculate indicator diagrams. (d) He must be able to calculate safety-valve pressures, and the strength of the boiler. (e) He must be able to state the general proportions borne by the principal parts of the machinery to each other. (f) He must be able to explain the method of testing and altering the setting of the slide valves, and of testing the fairness of the paddle and screw shafts and of adjusting them. (9) He must be conversant with surface condensation, superheating, and the working of steam expansively. (2) His knowledge of arithmetic must include the mensuration of superficies and solids and the extraction of the square root. 8. An Extra First-class Engineer's Examination is voluntary, and is intended for such persons as wish to prove their superior qualifications, and are desirous of having Certificates for the highest grade granted by the Board of Trade. The candidate must be entitled to or possessed of a First-class Engineer's Certificate of Competency, and in addition to the qualifications required for a First-class Engineer: (a) He must possess a thorough knowledge of the construction and working of marine engines and boilers in all their parts, and be so far acquainted with the elements of theoretical mechanics as to comprehend the general principles on which the machine works. (¿) He must understand how to apply the indicator and draw the proper conclusions from the diagrams. (c) He must be acquainted with the principles of expansion, and able to prove, or at least to illustrate, the use of the expansion gear. (d) He must be able to draw rough sketches of any part of the machinery, with figured dimensions, fit to work from. GENERAL RULES AS TO EXAMINATIONS AND FEES. 9. The examination will be partly viva voce, and partly by examination papers. It will be directed specially to the above points, and to the duties and business of an Engineer generally. If the candidate passes the viva voce examination creditably, a set of questions will be given to work out. He will be allowed to work out these questions according to the methods he is accustomed to use, and will be allowed five hours to perform the work: and (a) If at the expiration of the time allowed he has worked out correctly the whole of the questions set him, he will be declared to have passed. (b) If at the expiration of the time allowed he has not worked out the whole of the questions set him, but if the result of the viva voce examination taken in connexion with the answers to such of the questions as he has worked out are sufficient to satisfy the examiner that the applicant is competent to take charge of engines of 100 nominal horse-power or upwards, he will be declared to have passed. (c) In other cases he will be declared to have failed. A report of the Examination, and the Examination Papers, will be forwarded to the Board of Trade on the Form (Exn. 15). IO. The fee for examination must be paid to the Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office. If a candidate fail in his examination, half the fee he has paid will be returned to him by the Superintendent on his producing the Form Exn. 17, which will be given him by the Examiner. The fees are as follows: 11. If the applicant passes he will receive a Form Exn. 16 from the Examiner, which will entitle him to receive his Certificate of Competency from the Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office at the port to which he has directed it to be forwarded. If his testimonials have been sent to the Registrar General of Seamen to be verified, they will be returned with his Certificate. 12. If an applicant is examined for the higher grade, and fails, but passes an examination of the lower grade, he may receive a Certificate accordingly, but no part of the fee will be returned. 13. If the applicant fails in working out the examination papers, he may present himself for re-examination whenever he thinks he has acquired sufficient knowledge to enable him to pass. But if he fails in the viva voce or practical part of the examination, he may not present himself for re-examination until the expiration of three months from the date of failure. CERTIFICATES OF SERVICE. 14. Every person who, before the 1st April, 1862, had served as either First Engineer in a British Foreign-going Steam Ship of 100 nominal horse-power and upwards, or who has attained or attains the rank of Engineer in the service of Her Majesty or of the East India Company, is entitled to a First-class Engineer's Certificate of Service; and every person who, before the above-mentioned date, has served as Second Engineer in any British Foreign-going Steam Ship of 100 nominal horse-power or upwards, or as First or only Engineer in any other Steam Ship, or who has attained or attains the rank of First-class Assistant Engineer in the Service of Her Majesty, is entitled to a Second-class Engineer's Certificate of Service. |