EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Figs. 1, 2, 3.-Used to illustrate the strategic relations of the armies A and B. Fig. 4.-Line of operations directed against the extremity of the enemy's line of defence, as was done by Napoleon in the Marengo campaign. Fig. 5.-Napoleon's plan of campaign in 1800, for the army of the Rhine, and the army of reserve. Fig. 6 shows the plan adopted by Napoleon in the campaign of 1800, to preserve his communications. Fig. 7 illustrates the same thing in the campaign of 1806. Fig. 8.-Interior and central line of operations. Fig. 9 represents a camp of a grand division of an army. The distance from the front row of tents to the line of campguards should be from 350 to 400 feet; thence to the line of posts, from 150 to 200 feet; thence to the line of sentinels, from 100 to 200 feet. In many cases, the line of posts between the camp-guards and sentinels may be dispensed with. The distance between battalions will be from 50 to 100 feet; and the same between squadrons and batteries. Fig. 10.-Details of encampment for a battalion of infantry. The width of company streets will depend upon the strength of a company, and will be so arranged that the front of the camp shall not exceed the length of the battalion, when drawn up in line of battle. This width will be from 50 to 100 feet. The distance between the tents of each row will be 2 or 3 feet; the distance between the tents of one company and those of another, from 4 to 6 feet. Fig. 11 is the camp of a squadron of cavalry. A single company encamping alone, would be arranged in the same way as an entire squadron. The horses are picketed in two lines parallel to the tents, and at a distance from them of about 12 feet. The forage is placed between the tents. A squadron of two companies will occupy a front of about 180 feet. The fires, or company kitchens, should be 50 or 60 feet in rear of the non-commissioned officers' tents. Fig. 12 is the camp of two batteries of foot artillery, or two companies of foot engineers. [The plan of encampment for artillery, as given in the "Instruction of U. S. Field Artillery, horse and foot," may be employed where a single battery encamps by itself, or where only the skeleton of companies is maintained; but it will be found exceedingly inconvenient, where a full battery, with a large train, encamps on the same line with other troops. The plan we have given is that which is employed in most European services.] Fig. 13.-In this plan for mounted artillery and engineers, the fires are so arranged as to expose the ammunition as little as possible to the sparks from the kitchens. Fig. 14.-Simple parallel order of battle. 15. Parallel order, with a crochet on the flank. 19. Oblique order, reinforced on the assailing wing. 21.-Concave order. 22.-Convex order. 23.-Order by echelon on a wing. 24.-Order by echelon on the centre. 25.-Combined order of attack. 26.-Formation of infantry by two deployed lines. 27, 28.-Arrangements corresponding to depth of column. 29.-Formation by squares. 30.-Mixed formation of three battalions. 31.-Deep formation of heavy columns. 32.-Formation in columns by brigade. 33.-Formation of two brigades of cavalry, by the mixed system. 34.-Passage of the Sound by the British fleet, in 1807. 35.-Attack on Copenhagen. 36.-Attack on Algiers. 37.-Attack on San Juan d'Ulloa. 38.-Attack on St. Jean d'Acre. 39.-Plan of a regular bastioned front of a fortification. 40.-Section of 41.-Tenaillons. do. do. Fig. 42.-Demi-tenaillons, with a bonnet. 43.--A horn-work. 44.-A crown-work. 45.-A redan. 46.-A lunette. 47.-A mitre or priest-cap. 48. A bastioned fort. 49.-Vertical section of a field intrenchment. 50.-Simple sap. 51.-Flying sap. 52.-Full sap. 53. Crater of a military mine. 54.-Plan of the attack of a regular bastioned work. |