OF

MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE ;

OR,

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION

IN

STRATEGY, FORTIFICATION, TACTICS OF BATTLES, &c.;

EMBRACING

THE DUTIES OF STAFF, INFANTRY, CAVALRY,

ARTILLERY, AND ENGINEERS.

o

NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON & CO., 200 BROADWAY.

PHILADELPHIA :
G. S. APPLETON, 148 CHESNUT STREET.

M DCCC XLVI.

War 458.46

a

1858, aug. 22.

sift John go way, en

Es of Corchester.

Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1846,

By D. APPLETON & COMPANY,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern

District of New York.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

PREFACE

5

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.-Dr. Wayland's Arguments on the Justifiable-

ness of War briefly examined

7

II. STRATEGY.-General Divisions of the Art.-Rules for planning

a Campaign.-Analysis of the Military Operations of Na-

poleon

35

III. FORTIFICATIONS.-Their importance in the Defence of States

proved by numerous Historical Examples...

61

IV. LOGISTICS.-Subsistence.-Forage.-Marches.-Convoys.-Cas-

trametation .......

88

V. TACTICS.-The Twelve Orders of Battle, with Examples of

each.-Different Formations of Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery,

and Engineers on the Field of Battle, with the Modes of

bringing Troops into action.........

114

VI. MILITARY POLITY.-The Means of National Defence best suited

to the character and condition of a Country, with a brief Ac-

count of those adopted by the several European Powers.... 135

VII. DEFENCE OF OUR SEA-COAST.-Brief Description of our Mari-

time Fortifications, with an Examination of the several Con-

tests that have taken place between Ships and Forts, inclu-

ding the Attack on San Juan d'Ulloa, and on St. Jean

d'Acre.......

........... 155

VIII. OUR NORTHERN FRONTIER DEFENCES.-Brief Description of

the Fortifications on the Frontier, and an analysis of our

Northern Campaigns.....

210

IX. ARMY ORGANIZATION.-Staff and Administrative Corps.-Their

History, cities, Numbers, and Organization

235

X. ARMY ORGANTATION.-Infantry and Cavalry.—Their History,

Duties, Numbers, and Organization

256

XI. ARMY ORGANIZATION.- Artillery.--Its History and Organiza-

tion, with a Brief Notice of the different kinds of Ordnance,

the Manufacture of Projectiles, &c.........

275

XII. ARMY ORGANIZATION.--Engineers.-Their History, Duties, and

Organization,—with a Brief Discussion, showing their im-

portance as a part of a modern Army Organization ......... 300
PAQE

CHAP. XIII. PERMANENT FORTIFICATIONS. Historical Notice of the progress

of this Art.-Description of the several parts of a Fortress,

and the various Methods of fortifying a Position............ 327

XIV. FIELD ENGINEERING.-Field Fortifications.- Military Communi-

cations.—Military Bridges.--Sapping, Mining, and the Attack

and Defence of a Fortified Place......

342

XV. MILITARY EDUCATION.-Military Schools of France, Prussia,

Austria, Russia, England, &c.-Washington's Reasons for

establishing the West Point Academy.-Rules of Appoint-

ment and Promotion in Foreign Services.-Absurdity and In-

justice of our own System

378

EXPLANATION OF PLATES .......

.... 409