To unrig. To deprive the fhip of her rigging..

Uvrou. The piece of wood by which the legs of the crow-foot are

extended. Wake The path or track impreffed on the water by the ship's pafA thip is fing through it, leaving a smoothness in the sea behind it. faid to come into the wake of another when the follows her in the fame track, and is chiefly done in bringing fhips to, or in forming the line of

battle.

Wales. Are ftrong timbers that go round a ship a little above her

water line.

Ware. See To VEER.

Warp. To warp a fhip, is to draw her against the wind, &c. by means of anchors and hawfers carried out.

Warp. A hawfer, or small cable.

Water-line. The line made by the water's edge when a ship has her full proportion of flores, &c. on board.

Water-borne. The ftate of a thip when there is barely a fufficient depth of water to float her of from the ground.

Water-logged. The ftate of a fhip become heavy and inactive on the fea, from the great quantity of water leaked into her.

Water-tight. The ftate of a fhip when not leaky.

Weather. To weather any thing, is to go to windward of it.
Weather-beaten. Shattered by a ftorm.

Weather-bit. A turn of the cable about the end of the windlass. Weather-gage. When a thip or fleet is to windward of another, the is faid to have the WEATHER GAGE of her.

Weather-quarter. That quarter of the thip which is on the windward

fide.

Weather-fide. The fide upon which the wind blows.

To weigh anchor. To heave up an anchor from the bottom.

Whipping To bind twine round the ends of ropes, to hinder them from fagging out.

To wind a Jhip. To change her pofition, bringing her head where

her ftern was.

Wind-road. When a fhip is at anchor, and the wind, being again ft the tide, is fo ftrong as to overcome its power, and keep the thip to leeward of her anchor, the is faid to be WIND-ROAD

Wind's-eye. The point from which the wind blows.

To windward. Towards that part of the horizon from which the wind blows.

Windward tide. A tide that fets to windward.

To work a jhip To direct the movements of a fhip, by adapting the fails, and managing the rudder, according to the courfe the thip has to make.

To work to windward. To make a progress against the direction of the wind

Would. To would, is to bind round with ropes; as, the maft is woulded. Weigh. To haul up; as, weigh the anchor

Yawing. The motion of a fhip when the deviates from her courfe to the right or left.

Yards. The timbers upon which the fails are spread.

Yarn. See ROPE YARN.

EXPLANATION of the PLATE defcribing the RIGGING, &c. of a FIRST RATE MAN OF WAR.

The following Questions and Answers are recommended to the perufal of young Gentlemen belonging to the Sea, in order to refresh their Memories, previous to that Examination which they must pass through, before they are appointed to a Commiffion in the Royal Navy, or an Officer in the Eaft India Service; as it is probable fimilar ones may be asked by thofe appointed to examine them, at the Navy Office and the Eaft India Houfe.

Quest

OW do you find the golden number?

HOW

A. I add one to the given year, and divide the fum by 19, the remainder will be the golden number.

2. How do you find the epact for any year?

A. By dividing the given year by 49, and multiplying the remainder by 11, the product will be the epact, if it does not exceed 30; but if it does, I fubtract 30 from it as often as I can, and the remainder will be the epact. 2. How do you find the moon's age?

1

A. To the epact I add the day of the month, and the number of the month; their fum will be the moon's age, if it does not exceed 30'; but if it does, I fubtract 30 from it as often as I can, and the remainder will be

her age.

2. How do you find the moon's fouthing, or the time of her coming to the meridian?

A. I multiply the moon's age by 48, and divide the product by 60; the quotient will be the hours, and the remainder the minutes when the is on the meridian paft noon; Or, I may multiply the moon's age by 4, and divide the product by 5, the quotient will be the hours, and the remainder, multiplied by 12, will be the minutes when the fouths, or is on the meridian, in the afternoon: But if this time fhould exceed 12, I fubtract 12. from it, and the remainder will be the time of her fouthing in the morning.

2. How do you find the time of high water at any place?

A. To the moon's fouthing on the given day, I add the time of high water, full and change, at the given place, and the fum will be the time of high water there in the afternoon; but if this time fhould exceed 12, I fubtract 12 from it, and the remainder will be the time of high water in the morning; and if it exceeds 24, I fubtract 24 from it, and the remain. der will be the time of high water in the afternoon *.

2. Suppofe that you go into an harbour, and find by your watch that it is high water at any hour of the day; by what means do you find the times when it is high water on full and change days in that place?

A. I find the time of the moon's fouthing on that day, and fubtract it from the time of high water at the given place, if I can, and that will be the time of high water. If I cannot, I add 12 to it, and then subtract the above time; the remainder will be the time of high water at the given place, on full and change days,

• The time of high water is found more correct by the Tables, fee page 128,& 135,

2. How

2. How do you find the zenith distance of any object?

A. By correcting the altitude for the dip, refraction and femidiameter, and then fubtracting it from 90°, the remainder will be the zenith distance, which will be either north or fouth, according as the object bears of me. 2. Suppofe the zenith distance 10° north, and the declination 20° north, what latitude are you in, and of what name?

A. Ten degrees north.

2. The fun is in your zenith, what latitude are you in?

A. The fame as the declination is, whether north or fouth.

2. Your zenith diftange is 20° north, and your declination is 20° north, what latitude are you in?

A. Upon the equator, and confequently in no latitude.

2. Suppofe that your zenith diftince is 50° fouth, and the declination 10° north, what latitude are you in?

4. Sixty degrees north.

2. Suppofe your zenith distance be 45° north, and the declination 15? fouth, what latitude are you in?

. Sixty degrecs fouth.

2. Suppofe your zenith diftance is 45° north, and the declination 15° north, what latitude are you in?

A. Thirty degrees fouth.

2. What do you mean by the word amplitude?

A. The true amplitude is the number of degrees that the fun, moon, or ftors, rife and fet, to the northward or fouthward of the true east or west. The magnetic amplitude is the number of degrees they rife or fet to the northward or fouthward of the east or weft point of the compafs.

Q. How do you find the true amplitude?

A. As the co-fine of the latitude: is to the radius:: fo is the fine of the fun or ftar's declination: to the fine of the true amplitude. Or if the fecant of the latitude be added to the fine of the fun or ítar's declination, the fum (reje&ting 10 in the index) will be the log, fine of the true amplitude.

2. But fuppofing the evening or morning proves cloudy, and you cannot fee the fun or ftar, how will you find the variation of the compaís? 4. By an azimuth.

2 What do you mean by an azimuth?

5. The true azimuth is the dittance of the fun or far from thetrue north or fouth at every degree and minute of altitude.

The magnetic azimuth is their diftance, at each degree and minute of altitude from the north or fourth point of the compals.

2. How do you find the true azimuth?

A By adding the complement of the latitude, the complement of the altitude, and the fun or tar's polar diftance into one fum; from balf this fum I fubtract the polar diftance, noting the half fum and the remainder: Then, to the arithmetical complement of the co-fine of the latitude, I add the arithmetical complement of the co-fine of the altitude, the log fines of the half fum and the remainder; half the fum of thefe four logarithms will give the co-fine of half the true azimuth, which being doubled is the true azimuth, reckoned from the north in north latitude, and from the fouth in fouth latitude.

Or, it may be found thus:

To the log. co fecants of the co-latitude and altitude, add the log. fines of the half fum and the remainder; half the fum of these four logarithms (rejecting zo in the index) will be the log, co-fine of half the true azimuth, as before.

2. You

2. You have given the true amplitude or azimuth by calculation, and the magnetic amplitude or azimuth by obfervation; how do you find the variation?

A. Fy placing both the amplitudes or azimuth before me; then, if the true amplitude or azimuth be to the right hand of the magnetic, or obferved, the variation is east, but if it be to the left hand, it is weft. 2. You have the latitude and longitude the thip is in, confequently her place, how do you thape her courfe, or in other words, find her courfe and diftance to any other place, whofe latitude and longitude is known?

d. It may be found briefly by the tables of difference of latitude and departure, bnt by logarithms I will fay,

As the meridional difference of latitude: is to radius: fo is the difference of longitude: to the tangent of the courfe. And

A. As the co fine of the courie is to the proper difference of lati tude :: fo is radius to the distance.

2. You have the difference of latitude and departure made good in the 24 hours, how do you find the courfe and distance, and the ship's place, by logarithms?

4. As the difference of latitude : is to radius :: fo is the departure: to the tangent of the courfe. And,

:

As the co-fine of the courfe is to the difference of latitude :: fo is radius to the distance made good in the 24 hours.

Having the latitude and longitude left, and the difference of latitude, I find the latitude in, and the meridional difference of latitude; I then fay,

As the co-fine of the courfe: is to the meridional difference of latitude,“ :: fo is the fine of the courfe: to the difference of longitude. Or, as the proper difference of latitude : is to the departure:: fo is the meridional difference of latitude: to the difference of longitude. Having the longitude left, and the difference, the longitude in is found by addition or fubtraction, as the cafe requires.

2. You have now the thip's place by calculation, how do you find it on a Mercator's Chart?

A. By laying a ruler across the Chart on the fip's latitude and taking her longitude in my compaffes, and fetting one point on the meridian, by the fide of the ruler, I turn the other caft or welt, according as the longitude is, (by the fide of the ruler) and it will point out the thip's place.

2. You have now the fhip's place, how do you find her bearing and diftance to any other known place?

A. By laying a ruler over the point where the ship is, and the given place, and with the compattes I take the neareft distance between the ruler and the centre of fome compa's on the Chart; and flide the compaffes along the ruler (keeping both points perpendicular to it; the farthett point from the ruler will thew the courfe, or bearing, between the thip and place. Again,

I take the difiance between the hip and place in the conspaffes, and then lay one point on the meridian as much below the thip's place, as the other is above the given place; that diftance, reckoned in degrees, leagues or miles on the meridian, according as it is divided, will be the distance

2. You are ordered to a fhip, he is lying in dock; prepare to take her out of dock, A. I