herald the advent of the immortal King and Saviour of Zionand thus, as Mr. Davison has beautifully observed, the oracle of ancient prophecy 'expired with the gospel upon its tongue.'

The mention of this very eminent, but comparatively neglected and unknown author, reminds us of what we have all along been intending to state that he is the writer who has more successfully than any other treated prophecy in what we have described as the composite method. His able arguments and comprehensive views deserve more attention than, we fear, they have yet obtained. The work before us is a specimen of the other method of treating this important subject. Mr. Thompson proceeds entirely upon the inductive plan, and scarcely touches at all upon any enlarged and sweeping view of the whole subject. He has made a tolerably good selection of prophetic scriptures. He has treated most of them in too brief and general a manner for our satisfaction. In fact, his plan was much too large for a single volume. The prophecies, types, and miracles to be taken up in detail, and made to bear with any thing like conclusive force of argument upon the grand question of inspiration, demanded much more space than he has allotted to them. The following passage will enable our readers to judge of the manner in which most of that section of the work relating to prophecy is written. He is treating of Isaiah ix. 6, compared with Matthew i. 18—23.

But the sixth verse has stronger claims on our attention, and must be minutely discussed. Unto us a son is born; unto us a son is given,' correspondents to the fourteenth verse of the seventh chapter, and is the commencement of a new paragraph relating to the Messiah. 'And the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful.' As King of kings, as Lord of lords, and the ruler of his earthly and visible church, the government belongs to Christ. Power, Might, Majesty, and Dominion are ascribed to him, as Lord of the universe in the Scriptures and pages of the earliest Christians; and to that power, might, majesty, and dominion an endless duration is assigned. This part of the prediction is so obvious, and so verified in the New Testament, that it scarcely requires an explanation,

Christ's first predicted name is WONDERFUL. The term in the abstract is applied to the wonderful events, in which, through the course of Israelitish history God manifested his glory; and here denotes that Messiah the great King will be elevated beyond the ordinary course of nature, both as to his being and deeds, and that his whole manifestation will be a miracle. So the angel who announced the birth of Samson assumed this title, implying that his whole being was wonderful, and incapable of definition by any human name. If we consider Christ as to his birth-as to his divine and human natures-as to the miracles he performed-as to the atonement which

he effected as to his resurrection and ascension-it will be evident, that in every sense the title was duly applied to him.

The next title is COUNSELLOR, denoting wisdom and penetration. With this we may compare the spirit of counsel in the eleventh chapter and second verse: And the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon Him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord.' It scarcely can be denied, that preternatural wisdom and divine power are here predicted as attributes of the Messiah, and that a knowledge of the whole counsel of God is implied by the epithet. Nor is this every idea that is contained in it; for it also portrays the Messiah as the giver of the counsel, i. e., to fallen man, and hence approaches closely to his character of intercessor. Some have thought that it also signifies Preserver.

To this succeeds the MIGHTY GOD. The same expression occurs in the tenth chapter, at the twenty-first verse, and has the same form. In the former chapter the Messiah was described as Immanuel, or God-man; here, as perfect and essential God. When the angels appeared to the shepherds, they said, for to you is born this day, in the city of David, a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.' Christ the Lord clearly stands here for the title of MIGHTY GOD.

The fourth title, as rendered in our version, the EVERLASTING FATHER, is scarcely definite, since it confounds the Father with the Son. The title must either mean the Father (or Author) of the future dispensation, as the Septuagint has understood it, or the ETERNAL, just as in other places the strong is called the Father of strength, -the wise, the Father of wisdom,-the peaceful, the Father of peace, and the like, according to the common Hebrew idiom. In either sense it fully applies to Christ. The argument is in favor of the latter.

The last epithet is PRINCE OF PEACE. And to whom else could this title be so conspicuously applicable as to Jesus Christ? Was it not Jesus Christ who made peace between earth and heaven-between a disobedient race and an offended Father? Did he not, when in this world, bring peace and consolation, in the strictest sense, to those, to whom before there was no peace? Did he not raise up the fallen hands, and brace up the weak knees? Did he not comfort the widow, and bring joy to those who had none to help-none to look unto? And did he not, after he was cruelly and spitefully treated by his enemies, send his holy Comforter to perform those same offices? To whom, then, could these distinguished appellations be claimed, but by Jesus Christ, the Son of God?'-pp. 96-100.

The work is scarcely fitted to the conviction of doubters and unbelievers. The most satisfactory instances of divine foreknowledge, such as are carried out into minute application, and have received indubitable fulfilment, are very inadequately treated, while one most distinguished series of prophecies, those by Christ himself, are entirely passed over. We cannot say that the author has added any thing to the stock of argument already accumu

lated upon this subject, or that he has materially elucidated or strengthened any previously existing. We have not observed throughout his pages any reference to that distinguished work of a member of his own Church already alluded to, and which every man ought thoroughly to make his own before he attempts to publish on the bearing of prophecy upon the inspiration of the Holy Scriptures.

Art. VII. Narrative of a Journey from Caunpoor to the Boorendo Pass in the Himalaya Mountains, via Gwalior, Agra, Delhi, and Sirhind. By Major Sir WILLIAM LLOYD. And Capt. ALEXANDER GERARD'S Account of an attempt to penetrate by Bekhur to Garoo, and the Lake Manasarowara; with a Letter from the late J. G. GERARD, Esq. detailing a visit to the Shatool and Boorendo Passes, for the purpose of determining the line of perpetual snow on the southern face of the Himalaya, &c. &c. Edited by GEORGE LLOYD. 2 vols. London: Madden and Co. 1840.

WE

E have inserted the title of these volumes in full, long as it is, because it at once presents to the reader a bird's-eye view of the extensive and important districts visited by the travellers, and of the objects for which they encountered the difficulties attaching to so adventurous an expedition. As to the difficulties, indeed, they were on the whole fewer than might have been expected; and although there is a pleasure in an imaginative ascent by means of the descriptive page, of lofty mountains and snow-covered heights, from the securities of a quiet fire-side, many will probably sympathize with the kindling emotion of envy with which we feel ourselves precluded from the real journey amidst the wild sublimities of nature.

Assuredly, the love of adventure is an inherent passion, an instinctive sense in man; and is conferred by the author of our being to answer some valuable purposes. It is by this the antagonist instinct of fear, also given to answer a useful end, is overcome. The latter operates as a salutary check to the former, so as to prevent its becoming absolutely wild and ungovernable, thus frustrating its original purpose by a self-destructive power. It seeks in the preservation of life the means of extending discovery, and of perpetuating usefulness. This is strictly as we have said, an instinctive emotion, of which even during its most potent operation, the adventurer himself has little consciousness; for in this pursuit we believe that most of the class risk drowning or breaking their necks with as much readiness as any of the human species. The boldness of the few, however, minis

ters to the instruction and the comfort of the many. The one class have their pleasures in intrepidity and fame; the other theirs in the enlargement of knowledge, or in the fruits of commercial speculation. Such is the eternal circle of things; or rather, such is the wise ordering of the framer of our constitutional varieties, and of the great scheme of a perfect and universal providence.

Besides the mere instinctive passion to which we have referred, man has an insatiable desire to know what is unknown, and to explore the vast and the distant. We see it in very infancy; and it breaks forth vehemently in childhood. If the boy cannot scale the heavens, he will send up his kite to those unapproachable skies; if he cannot make or buy the telescope, he will pay his penny for a glance at the moon or the planets through the long tube that often meets you by the way-side of the city, erected by some needy man, and always clustered about by curious gazers; if he is to be penned down in his school-days at the desk and to the form with his grammar and arithmetic, he will be sure to ask for an excursion in the holidays; and out of them he will slip into his pocket, and steal furtive glances at the book of tales or travels that lead him into fairy land, carry him to the stormy ocean, the far off island, or the mountain summit. The same feelings operate to impel us to the distant in time as well as the distant in space; and hence we delight in from our birth, as well as cherish by our education, the romance of history, which brings to us cities, sieges, battles, revolutions, earthquakes, shipwrecks, and all great vicissitudes and events.

So long as we can remember the greatness of the Himmalaya range, always hazy, if we may so express it, like a dim but mighty shadow of magnificence upon the horizon of our thoughts, we have wanted to explore the great something, the outline of a vastness that seemed to be there, and especially when told what little things were Ætnas, and even Pyrennees and Alps in the comparison. Fancy has often pursued its rapid course over the pathless deep; stretched along the wide-spreading plains of India, and bounded up the steep declivities to the snow-covered heights, and eternal solitudes of this celebrated region. We have often sought to know the elevation, and the characteristics of this wonderful part of the physical structure of our globe-how far up vegetation extends-how far human or animal life-what sounds and echoes, what sights, what cloud or what sunshine are there; well, then, we have now some good information, and shall endeavour to show the inquisitive reader what he may expect in perusing these volumes.

Major Lloyd started from Caunpoor about 638 miles from Calcutta. After some weeks he traversed the plain in which stands the town of Saneeput, in view of the Hurdwar hills. This plain

is remarkable as the site of two battles, which decided the fate of two of the greatest powers of India. The first was in 1525 between the small army of Sultaun Baber, and the large force of the Patan emperor of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in which the latter was killed, and his army defeated and dispersed; the Patan dynasty overthrown, and the Mogul established. The second was in 1761, between the Mohammedan force under Ahmed Shauh Abdaullee, of Candahar, and the Mahrattas, under Bhaw Sidasiva. Abdaullee invaded India six times. This contest almost annihilated the Mahrattas, who, had they conquered, would have seized the Punjaub, and circumscribed their territory only by the Indus. But we hasten on to the chief objects of curiosity.

The ascent between Syree and Semla was very great, but the road was broad and excellent, though leading over and along the sides of high mountains. The enormous vallies and dells, although they were precipitous descents of 1000 and 2000 feet were occasionally well cultivated, and also abundantly irrigated by streamlets frequently conducted from remote springs. Many of the mountains around Semla, which are the mere vassals of the mighty Himala, would be the boast of other countries, as Wartoo, or Attoo, 10,673 feet, Jungala, between 10,000 and 11,000 feet, the larger Shallee, 9623 feet, the Choor Pahar 12,149 feet, and Jukkoo 8,120 feet. Over these the Snowy Range extends from N. 30 deg. W. to N. 70 deg. E., embracing consequently an angle of 100 deg. The general appearance of this mass of snow is that of a wide undulating plain, from which peaks arise in every imagi nable shape. Their general height is from 16,203 to 25,749 feet, from 1,000 to 10,000 feet of which is covered with eternal whiteness, the disputed line of perpetual snow on the southern side of this first high chain being 15,000 feet. Between these peaks are the passes, which lead into Koonawr and Chinese Tartary, the principal of which are those nearest to us, as the Shatool 15,555 feet, the Yoosoo 15,877 feet, and the Boorendo 15,171 feet. This first barrier, however, is but the screen to other assemblages of higher mountains, which again are still the inferiors of the world-like bulwarks on the left bank of the Indus, from whence they slope to the steppes of Tartary, and are, at length, lost in the immeasurable deserts of Cobi, and the deep woods and countless marshes of Siberia. The summits of this highest range have been estimated, upon good grounds, by my most adventurous and intelligent friends, J. G. Gerard, and A. Gerard, who alone have explored many portions of these wild recesses, to rise to the enormous elevation of 30,000 feet. Within these towering bounds, the general appearance of the region is mournful and barren. There, surrounded by the most gigantic pinnacles of the universe, Sublimity sits fettered to Desolation. It awes the mind !'-pp. 141-143.

At Mahhasoo, where there is a small temple of Chinese architecture built of wood and stone, dedicated to Siva, and situated on a peak above the road, our travellers had attained the elevation of 9078 feet. On each side of the crest whence the peak rises