So also we have Cyrstemal-ac (=oak). Cod. Dipl. 118. In a charter relating to Niwanham (Newnham), in Kent, we have a point of boundary described as “ þær þæt Christes-mel stod,” (where the Christ-mal stood). Cod. Dipl., 526. All these notices would seem to indicate that way-side crosses, or figures of our Lord on the cross, were customary in this country, as they still are in parts of Europe, in the early days of of Christianity. All that has been attempted has been to give an example or two under each of the general classes we have endeavoured to explain. Some Names there are which cannot very fitly be placed under any one of these four heads ;-others which might be included under more than one. These, together with many that will be additional illustrations of the various portions of this and the two previous papers, we hope some day to give in a supplementary list. Names of Wiltshire Churches. By the Rev. Canon J. E. JACKSON. necessary where there is only one: but in cities where they are numerous, the time-honoured custom of naming them after some Saint is convenient and almost unavoidable. But it should be remembered that though a church bears the name of St. Paul, St. Peter, St. Leonard, &c., it is not dedicated to them, but to the glory and worship of God, in memory or as a memorial of them. The word "saint” is properly an adjective, not a substantive : but just as we incorrectly speak of the classic writers as “the classics," 80, use (the “norma loquendi”) has given a substantive form to “the saints.” The word, whether spoken of a person or thing, simply means holy. In the latter case, “Saint cross” and “Saint sepulchre” are merely the equivalent of “Holy cross” and “Holy sepulchre.” The authorities for the names of our churches are Ecton's Thesaurus, 1742 ; Bacon's Liber Regis, 1786; Browne Willis's Parochiale Anglicanum, and the “Liber Scholasticus,” an abridgement from the Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the Revenues of the Established Church, presented to Parliament in 1835, which contains the dedication names, so far as was known, of every church in England and Wales. In some instances these authorities do not agree : and the causes of uncertainty are various. 1. It was sometimes the case in ancient times that one part of a church was finished and consecrated before another part: and the name given to a part may have been mistaken for the name of the whole. 2. There were also chantry chapels in the church, each having its altar and name. Confusion has arisen from this. 3. The village least or revel, originally a religious festival instituted to mark the day of consecration, is generally, but not invariably, good evidence of the name of the church. 4. Sometimes upon the rebuilding or restoration of a church a new name was given; and 5, sometimes when the name had been forgotten the accidental discovery of some fresco-painting of a saint has led to that name being adopted. If a name cannot be found in any of the authorities above-mentioned, it might possibly be met with in ancient records relating to the parish preserved at the Diocesan Registries : especially in mediæval or pre-Reformation wills. Testators frequently specified by name the church in which they desired to be buried, or to the repair of which they made some bequest of money." I.-NAMES OF PARISHES. ALDBOURNE St. Michael | ALLINGTON (near Amesbury) St. ALDERBURY B. V. Mary John Baptist ALDERTON St. Giles AlD CANNINGS St. Anne 3 1 For some of these observations the writer is indebted to various correspondents in Notes and Queries. 2 So in the King's Book. The village feast happening to be held on the Monday nearest to St. Mary Magdalen's day has sometimes connected that name with the cburch. 3 So in Ecton and Bacon. In Wilts Mag. (xi., 14) All Saints is considered more probable. ALTON BERNARD B. V. Mary | BOSCOMBE St Andrew ALTON PRIORS All Saints BOWDEN HILL (Lacock) St. Anne ALVEDISTON B. V. Mary BOWER CHALK Holy Trinity AMBRESBURY B. V. Mary and St. Box St. Thomas à Becket Melor BOYTON B. V. Mary ANSTY St. James BRADENSTOKE CUM ASHLEY (near Tet CLACK B. V. Mary bury) St. James BRADFORD-ON-Avon Holy Trinity ASHTON KEYNES Holy Cross „ (New church) Christ Church ASHTON, STEEPLE B. V. Mary BRADLEY, NORTH St. Nicholas ASHTON, WEST St. John Ev. (Road Hill) Christ Church ATWORTH St. Michael BRAMSHAW St. Peter AVEBURY St. James BRATTON St. James BARFORD ST. MARTIN St. Martin BREMHILL St. Martin BAVERSTOCK St. Edith BREMELHAM (or BAYDON St. Nicholas Cowidge) [not known] BEECHINGSTOKE St. Stephen BRINKWORTH St. Michael BEDWYN, GREAT B. V. Mary BRITFORD St. Peter LITTLE St. Michael BRIXTON DEVEREL St. Michael BEMERTON St. Andrew BROAD CHALK All Saints BERWICK BASSET St. Nicholas BROAD HENTON (or BERWICK St. James H. Magna) St. Peter St. John BROAD Town Christ Church St. Leonard BROKENBOROUGH St. John Baptist BIDDESTON St. Nicholas BROMHAM St. Nicholas (destroyed) St. Peter St. Peter BROUGHTON GIFFORD B. V. Mary Bishops CANNINGS B. V. Mary | BULBRIDGE St. Peter BISHOPSTON (S. Wilts) St. John BULFORD St. John Evangelist Baptist BURBAGE All Saints (N. Wilts) B. V. Mary BURCOMBE St. John Baptist BISHOPSTROW St. Aldhelm BUTTERMERE St. James BLACKLANDS St. Peter CALNE B. V. Mary? BLUNSDON St. Andrew (Quemerford) Holy Trinity BROAD St. Leonard | CalstON WILLINGTON B.V.Mary In “Wiltshire Collections,” p. 34, Note, St. Mark is an error of the press for St. Mary. CASTLE COMBE St. Andrew COLLINGBOURNE REGIS, ABBAT's, or KING- STON B. V. Mary CHAPMANSLADE St. Philip and DUCIS B. V. Mary' St. James COMBE BISSET St. Michael CHARLTON (near Pewsey) St.Peter COMPTON BASSET St. Swithun „ (near Malmesbury)B.V.Mary CHAMBERLAYNE St. Michael „ (near Donhead) All Saints CORSHAM St. Bartholemew CHERHILL St. James St. Margaret CHESINGBURY PRIORS CORSTON All Saints (destroyed) St. Mary COULSTON EAST St. Thomas à CHEVEREL, GREAT St. Peter Becket 3 LITTLE St. Peter CoWIDGE (see Bremelham] CHICKLADE All Saints B. V. Mary St. Samson CHILTON FOLYOT B. V. Mary CROCKERTON Holy Trinity CHIPPENHAM St. Andrew All Saints St. Paul St. George CHIRTON St. John Baptist | DAUNTSEY St. James CHISELDON Holy Cross DERRY HJLL(Calne) ChristChurch CHITTERNE B. V. Mary DEVIZES St. John Baptist All Saints B. V. Mary CHITTOB B. V. Mary St. Peter CHOLDERTON St. Nicholas B. V. Mary CHRISTMALFORD All Saints MARSH Holy Trinity CHUTE St. Nicholas DINTON B. V. Mary CLEVERTON (see Lea] DITCHAMPTON St. Andrew CLYFFE PYPARD St. Peter DITCHRIDGE St. Christopher ? CODFORD St. Peter St. Andrew B. V. Mary COLERNE St. John Baptist DOWNTON St. Laurence 1 Called by Ecton “St. John Baptist :” bat corrected in his Appendix to “St. Mary.” 2 Corrected from “St. Andrew" by Ecton in his appendix, p. 631. * So in Bacon; but Ecton says “ St. Andrew.” DRAYCOTE CERNE St. Peter FOXLEY [not known] DURNFORD GREAT St. Andrew FROXFIELD All Saints DURRINGTON All Saints 1 FUGGLESTON St. Peter EARL STOKE B. V. Mary GARSDEN All Saints EASTON GREY [not known] GRAFTON, East St. Nicholas Easton ROYAL(LearPewsey) Holy Grimstead, West [not known] Trinity GRITTLETON B. V. Mary 3 EBBESBOURNE WAKE St. John GUMBLETON St. Thomas Baptist HAM All Saints ECHILHAMPTON St. Andrew HANKERTON Holy Cross EDINGDON All Saints HANNINGTON St. John Baptist EISEY (Cricklade) B. V. Mary HARDENHUISA St. Nicholas ELINGDON (see roughton] HARNHAM, WEST St. George ENFORD All Saints HARTHAM CHAPEL[not consecrated ERCH FONT St. Michael yet] EVERLEY St. Peter HASELBURY (destroyed) All Saints FARLEY CHAPEL (near HEDINGTON St. Andrew Salisbury) All Saints ? HEYTESBURY SS. Peter and Paul FIFIELD BAVENT HOSPITAL The same (Chalke) St. Martin HEYWOOD CHAPEL, (near FIFIELD (Marlborough) Westbury) Holy Trinity FIGHELDEAN St. Michael HIGHWAY St. Peter FISHERTON AUCHER St. Clement HIGHWORTH St. Michael DELAMERE St. Nicholas HILL DEVEREL B. V. Mary FITTLETON All Saints HILMERTON St. Laurence FONTHILL EPISCOPI All Saints HILPERTON B. V. Mary GIFFORD St. Nicholas HINDON St. John Baptist FOSBURY Christ Church HINTON, LITTLE St. Swithun FOVANT St. George St. Catharine HOMINGTON B. V. Mary 1 No early name being known, that of “ All Saints” was adopted at the restoration of the church in 1851. 2 Possibly “ St. Anne." See Wilts Arch. Mag., xi., 183. * Anciently, according to an old record, “ All Saints." |
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