WILTSHIRE Archæological and Natural Bistory MAGAZINE. No. XLVI.-VII. STONEHENGE AND ITS BARROWS. Contents. ..... INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL AND OTHER NOTICES OF STONEHENGE FROM HENRY OF PART II. JUNE, 1876. .............. DESCRIPTION OF STONEHENGE THE FALL OF THE TRILITHON, IN 1797 FLINT FLAKES FOUND WITHIN THE AREA OF STONEHENGE RESULTS THE AVENUES AND CURSUS ........ ... ...... ... ..... PART III. ....... .... POETICAL NOTICES OF STONEHENGE.. ....... .... .... PART IV. PART V. VOL. XVI. ...... ...... APPENDIX, (containing a detailed account of the Investigation of the ADDENDA AND NOTES.... INDEX OF NAMES... PAGE. 1 6 54 68 75 79 82 82 89 94 110 122 138 141 142 185 186 187 192 193 218 241 PAGE. Map of Stonehenge and its Environs, from Sir R. C. Hoare's "Ancient ...... ..... Sketches from the "Monumenta Britannica " ...... .. *Ground Plan of Stonehenge, from "Ancient Wilts *Stonehenge, from "Ancient Wilts ".... ....... .... ....... Copy of sketch of the "Slaughtering Stone," made by Mr. Cunnington, F.S.A., in 1802...... *Ivory Armlet, from Winterbourn Stoke **Amber Necklace, from Lake .... **Plates for an Amber Collar, from Lake..... **Collar of Amber, as restored, from Lake Copy of Mr. H. Browne's print, showing the manner in which the Long Barrow, from Hoare's "Tumuli Wiltunenses" Bowl-shaped Barrow **Bell-shaped Barrow **Disc-shaped Barrow.. **Section of Disc-shaped Barrow, at Winterbourn Stoke Urn, with overhanging rim 16 inches high, 11 in diameter, (Hoare's "Ancient Wilts," i., 237 and title page). ..... ..... ...... .... ... ... .... ...... ... "" The "Stonehenge" Urn **Gold Beads, from Wilts and Norfolk.... Gold Plate, from Bush Barrow (two-thirds of full size).. The Bustard (vignette) ....... ... .... 32 36 45 46 54 54 58 93 93 104 149 149 149 149 149 168 169 169 171 179 181 181 181 183 183 240 For these illustrations from "Ancient Wilts," vol. i., the writer has to thank Mr. J. Bruce Nichols, who has most kindly allowed him to have these copies taken in Lithography, by transfer from impressions from the original copperplates. ** For these illustrations the writer has to thank the Council of the Society of Antiquaries. They form a portion of those which illustrate Dr. Thurnam's papers in the "Archæologia,” xlii., xliii. The remaining illustrations, with the exception of the copies from Aubrey's "Monumenta Britannica," made at Oxford, and the map, were engraved for the writer by Mr. Bidgood, Curator of the Somersetshire Archæological Society's Museum, at Taunton. The urns and cups are copied from engravings in the "Tumuli Wiltunenses," "MULTORUM MANIBUS GRANDE LEVATUR ONUS."- Ovid. Stonehenge and its Barrows. By WM. LONG, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. ЦЕ PON the mind of the thoughtful visitor of Stonehenge,1 two considerations can hardly fail to press, and with considerable force, as he recovers from his first astonishment; the one being the very sacred character of the place to those who had selected this spot, 1 Spelt" Stanenges," "Stanhenges," by Henry of Huntingdon; "Senhange," "Stahengues," "Estanges," "Estanhangues," by Wace; "Stanhenge," by Layamon; "Stanhenges," by Higden; "Stonhenge," in the "Eulogium Historiarum ; "Stonege," by Borde; "Stone Hengles," by Hardyng; "Stonage," by Bolton; the author of the "Fool's Bolt;" "Stoneheng," by Webb; Charlton; and Aubrey; "Stonendge," by Drayton. 99 The Rev. Prebendary Earle, the well-known Saxon scholar, to whom the writer submitted the foregoing list of spellings, writes of them as follows: "In all these forms I only seem to see two states of mind, and these the two I have indicated. I. 'Stanenges,''Estanges,'' Stonege,' 'Stonage,' 'Stonendge,' all seem to me essentially adjectival, epithetical, only in a large and collective way, as if one were to imagine a Greek λiowμa, a mass of stones, after the pattern of στεφάνωμα πύργων, a diadem of towers. II. All the others seem to me breathe the idea of 'hanging,' and the structure of the word is that of two substantives in compound state, whereof the former plays the adjective to the latter, as in Stonewall. So this seems to be Stonehanging, and then the only question is how is the hanging' to be understood? The more architectural and elegant view will readily occur to you, and I suppose I touched on it before; but there is one idea, not graceful certainly, which might have been present to the crude mind of our rough ancestors, and that is this, 'StoneGallows;' for, I say it with reluctance, the Saxon word for Gallows was 'hengen.' But then on the other hand they used the word gracefully in 'hengeclif,' rupes dependens, or hanging cliff." Most Saxon scholars, as far as the writer is aware, look with disfavour upon the popular rendering of "Stonehenge " into "hanging stones," like Wace's "pierres pendues," and consider that the VOL. XVI.-NO. XLVI. 6 B |
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