But direct communication between the Duke and his agents, or the Duke and his tenants, there is none. ESCOTT, England.

Grass there was none. SAM. BUTLER, Erewhon, Ch. V, 41.

B) Through ellipsis of some element of the sentence, or modification in the ordinary word-order, head-word and none sometimes come to stand in immediate succession.

Here have I few attendants | And subjects none abroad. Temp., V, 167. Usurped upon far as the sight could reach (was the Atlantic by headlands, tongues and promontory shapes). Not so the ethereal vault; encroachment none | Was there, nor loss. WORDSWORTH, Prel., XIV, 50.

139. None in the sense of not + numeral one is difficult to distinguish from none in the sense of not + any. Sometimes the distinction is brought out by the context, the former being construed as a singular, the latter as a plural. Compare Ch. XXVI, 20.

It is certain that none of his plays was acted till 1672. MAC., Com.
Dram., (572a).

That town-wits, again, have always been rather a heartless class, is true.
But none of them, we will answer for it, ever said to a young lady to whom
he was making love [etc.]. Ib., (578a).

Thus in:

but none whom he

None of us is able to say without fear of contradiction that such and such a
thing is a positive evil. Westm. Gaz., No. 6963, 10b.
In many cases none may be understood either way.
As he approached the village, he met a number of people,
knew. WASH. IRV., Sketch - Bk., V, 43.
There was a crowd of folks, but none that Rip recollected. Ib., 44.
No clergyman of the Church of England....... should have more than a thousand
a year, and none less than two hundred and fifty. TROL., The Warden,
Ch. X, 125.

Note a) None in the meaning of not one is sometimes put in back-
position, in like manner as none in the sense of not any.

Candle he had none. Mrs. GASK., Mary Barton, Ch. III, 18.
Village there was none. TROL., Framl. Pars., Ch. II, 10.

Other village at Framley there was none. lb., 11.

B) When one-ness is distinctly meant, not one usually takes the place of none. Compare JESPERSEN, Mod. Eng. Gram., II, 16.66.

The dogs, too, not one of which he recognized for an old acquiaintance, barked at him. WASH. IRVING, Sketch-Bk., V, 43.

Let not one of them escape! CH. KINGSLEY, Westw. Ho!, Ch. XXV, 1846. The customers, waiting their turn, were all reading,... | Not one raised his head or e'en made a suggestion. J. FIELD, The Owl Critic.

7) Sometimes none is followed by not one for emphasis or greater clearness.

Germany has none of these things: not one. Eng. Rev., No. 71, 320. 140. Indubitable instances of none representing the negative of the indefinite pronoun one(s) are somewhat rare. They seem to be confined to certain idiomatic turns of expression, as in:

a) That fault is none of yours. Rich. III, I, 4, 47.

If he chooses to do so silly a thing, the affair is none of mine. THACK.,
Virg., Ch. XXXVI, 370.

b) The invitation was none of her giving. BLACK, The New Prince Fortunatus, Ch. XVI.

c) He was none of your hesitating half story-tellers. CH. LAMB, Last Es. of Elia, The Old Margate Hoy, (311).

d) His understanding was none of the clearest. RID. HAGGARD, Mr. Meeson's Will, Ch. IX, 97.

His ears were none of the shortest. STOF., Handl., III, § 131. Note a) But the negative of such a sentence as I am a close observer ; necessity has made me one (STOF., Handl., III, § 39, N.) is not necessity has made me none, but . . . necessity has not made me one. In His conscience played an important part in his life, though Robert Lauderdale secretly believed that he had none at all (MAR. CRAWFORD, Kath. Laud. II, Ch. VIII, 141), the use of the phrase at all shows that none is felt in the sense of not any. (3, Obs. V.) Also in the following quotations none seems to have the meaning of not any, rather than that of not one:

"Who is your own director?"

none being indispen

"I have none." CON. DOYLE, Refugees. I have married you thus secretly and without witness, sable. MAR. CRAWF., Kath. Laud., I, Ch. XV, 283. "If you dissected me, you could not find my conscience. got none?" "I have met people who had none." Doctor's Dilemma, V, 99.

Do you think I have
BERN. SHAW, The

8) In Early Modern English, none as the negative of the pronoun one(s) seems to have been more freely used.

HAML. Denmark's a prison. Ros. Then is the world one.

-

HAML. A goodly

HAML. Why, then 't is

one; in which there are many confines, wards and dungeons; Denmark being
one o'the worst. Ros. We think not so, my lord.
none to you. Haml., II, 2, 256.
The instances that second marriage move | Are base respects of thrift, but
none of love. Ib., III, 2, 195.

141. The substantival none may denote either persons or things:
a) When none denotes persons, it is practically equivalent to the more
usual nobody or no one, from which, however, it differs in being
usually thought of as a plural. Compare Ch. XXVI, 20, b.

i. None, except his intimate friends, know he has a great deal of wit. ADDISON, Spectator, No. 2.

None are all evil. BYRON, Cors., I, XII.

None know how they are born. LYTTON, Caxtons, I, Ch. II, 9.
None here care what becomes of him. EM. BRONTË, Wuth. Heights,
Ch. XXX, 145a.

ii. None but the brave deserves the fair. DRYDEN, Alexander's Feast.
But none was near to mock my streaming eyes. SHELLEY, Revolt,
Ded., 29.

None accuses him of tergiversation. CH. LAMB, Last Es. of Elia,
The Convalescent, (316).

None has written with such natural grace. GABRIEL SETOUN, Rob.
Burns, 62.

b) When none denotes things, it is equivalent to nothing, which almost
regularly takes its place. Compare JESPERSEN, Mod. Eng. Gram.,
II, 16.67.

ORL. Forbear, and eat no more. - JAQ. Why, I have eat none, yet. As you
like it, II, 7, 88.

In the House of Lords he spoke on the Address and none afterwards. Kingsl.,
Leight. Court, 23.1)

142. Obs. I. When followed by partitive of, none may sometimes with equal justice be understood in the sense of not anything (i. e. not the least particle or portion) as in that of not any. (19, b, Note a.) Compare also 3, Obs. III; 67, Obs. II; 93, Obs. III; and 179, b.

Better some of a pudding than none of a pie. Proverb (FARM. and
HENLEY, Dict., s. v. pudding).

She saw none of the old plate. THACK., Virg., Ch. II, 20.
"How much do you know of your Latin Grammar Dombey?" said
Miss Blimber. "None of it," answered Paul. DICK., Domb.,

Ch. XII, 102.

The house had none of that beauty which is so common to the cozy
houses of our spiritual pastors in the agricultural parts. TROL.,
Framl. Pars., Ch. XXXVI, 351.

In figure he had none of that grace which marked the King. CoN.
DOYLE, Refugees, 122.

II. Apparently in a similar sense none appears in such phrases as
That is none of your business, where none of has practically
the value of not at all, not in the least. Compare also
JESPERSEN, Mod. Eng. Gram., II, 16.682.

It was none of my business. DEFOE, Rob. Crusoe, I, 236. o)
This is none of my affair. LYTTON, Rienzi, II, Ch. II, 113.
Thus even in: He shall be none of my husband. Congreve, Love
for Love, III, 3, (245).

=

III. In Early Modern English none in the sense of not any(thing) sometimes stands idiomatically with will in such phrases as I will none of it I will have no dealing with it Dutch Ik wil er niets mee te maken hebben, or colloquially Ik moet er niets van hebben. For this Present English has I will have none of it.

i. Therefore, thou gaudy gold, | Hard food for Midas, I will none of thee. Merch., III, 2, 103.

SIR AND. It's four to one she'll none of me: the count himself here hard by woos her. SIR TOB. She'll none o'the count. Twelfth Night, 1, 3, 113.

Israel would none of me. Bible, Psalm, LXXXI, 11.

I will none of Adolphus of Gueldres. ScоTT, Quent. Durw.,
Ch. XII, 173.

ii. Some stories against the gentlemen of the camp, Madam Esmond
might have heard, but she would have none of them. THACK.,
Virg., Ch. VII, 69.

She would have none of them. BEATR. HARRADEN, Ships, Ch. II, 8. The Germans speak with contempt of mounted infantry and will have none of it. Athen., 1891, 477b.

The principle is laid down, and it now remains for genuine refor

mers to deduce the consequences which follow from it. Lord Landsdowne, it is clear, will have none of it. Westm. Gaz., No. 5266, 2b.

Compare: I despise you, and will have nothing to say to any of you! EM. BRONTË, Wuth. Heights, Ch. XXX, 1476.

IV. In the idiom instanced in the following quotations there appears to be an ellipsis of I'll have, in the sense of I'll endure:

None of your violence! SHER., Riv., II, 1.

None of your sneering, puppy! Ib., II, 1, (234).

None of your temper to me! SHAW, The Doctor's Dilemma, I, 28. Compare: I want none of your cheek. Id., Mrs. Warren's Profession, II, (182).

V. In the collocation none other, when used substantively, i. e. without a noun either expressed or understood, none may be apprehended as a substantival word modified by the adnominal other, but also, vice versa, as an adnominal word modifying the substantival other. The latter view is the historically correct one. Compare MURRAY, s. v. other, B, 6, a, and JESPERSEN, Mod. Eng. Gram., II, 16.623. The substantival none other is but rarely used with regard to things. When the reference is to persons, it corresponds to the Dutch niemand anders, or geen ander, according as it is understood in the first or the second way.

i. Because there is none other that fighteth for us, but only thou, O God. Bk. of Com. Pray.

Mrs. Leigh was rewarded after a few months by a letter sent through Sir
Richard from none other than Gloriana herself. CH. KINGSLEY, Westw.
Ho!, Ch. II, 116.

The singer was none other than Signor Donati. EDNA LYALL, Knight
Errant, Ch. XVII, 148.

ii. This is none other, but the house of God. Bible, Gen., XXVIII, 17.
"Here stand I; I can none other," Luther replied to the young Emperor,
Charles the Fifth, as he pressed him to recant in the Diet of Worms.
GREEN, Short Hist., Ch. VI, § 5, 320.

Instead of the substantival none other, which is more or less archaic, Present English mostly has no other. Also no other is now but rarely used of things.

i. The stout lady was no other than the quondam relict of the dead-and-gone Mr. Clarke. DICK., Pick w., Ch. XXVII, 240.

I trust there is no reader of this little story who has not discernment enough

to perceive that the Miss Eliza Styles... was no other than Captain Rawdon
Crawley. THACK., Van. Fair, I, Ch. XVI, 163.

This new companion was no other than the Earl himself. Miss Burnett,
Little Lord, 185.

ii. We learn no other but the confident tyrant | Keeps still in Dunsinane, and will endure | Our sitting down before't. Macb., V, 4, 9.

He hopes it is no other | But for your health and your digestion's sake,
An after-dinner's breath. Troil & Cres., II, 3, 120.

They could do no other than smile at the accident. HARDY, Life's Little
Ironies, 97.1)

1) JESPERSEN, Mod. Eng. Gram., II, 16.623.

The absolute none other, of course, admits of only one grammatical interpretation. It is as unusual as the substantival none other, but like its more common substitute no other, is used as frequently of things as persons.

i. "I hope my brother's friends will be so kind as to be mine." ག wish he had none other but us, Mr. Warrington." THACK., Virg., Ch. XLIX, 506.

ii. Museau swore that letter should go, and no other. lb., Ch. LI, 534. VI. The absolute none +of+ personal pronoun is often used by way of apposition to a noun or pronoun.

The girls were none of them at hand. Mrs. Ward, Rob. Elsm.

143. The adverbial none is chiefly found:

a) before the adverbial the+ comparative of an adjective or an adverb. Compare Ch. XXXI, 40, Note IV.

He seemed to be very fond of my mother. I am afraid I liked him none the better for it. DICK., Cop., Ch. III, 23b.

I am none the happier for it. CON. DOYLE, Refugees, 27.

All have lived, worked, hoped much, got a little, I suppose, and died. And the world none the better. WALT. BESANT, All Sorts and Cond. of Men, Ch. V, 49.

He has a concealed intellectuality (about him), that is none the less effective in the long run. H. J. BYRON, Our Boys, II, (21).

Note. Occasionally we find none the before a superlative. In this connection the is, however, the definite article, and none has the value of either not any (18, Obs. XIV, a; 122, d, Note y) or not + pronoun one (140, d).

i. I have none the least intention to offend. STEVENSON, The Black Arrow, 41. 1)

ii. The old man's eyesight was none the sharpest. HAWTHORNE, Tanglewood Tales, 125. 1)

b) before the adverb so + adjective or adverb.

Master Marner is none so young. G. ELIOT, Sil. Marn., II, Ch. XVI, 122.
Nowadays people were none so ready to lend money without security. Id.,
Mill, I, Ch. VIII, 65.

As it was, he was none so glad of it. Mrs. GASK., CRANF., Ch. VI, 105.
She's none so happy in her ways. Id., Mary Barton, Ch. XXXVIII, 368.
He was far more eager than any of his companions, now that he was
acquitting himself none so ill. W. BLACK, The New Prince For-
tunatus, Ch. VIII.

Note the colloquial none so dusty (not so dusty not so bad
Dutch nog zoo kwaad niet).

Your pretty girls and their dresses are none so dusty. Punch. 2)
Company has come up very well, I said... They're none so dusty now,
are they? RUDY. KIPLING, Many Invent., 148.3)

c) before the adverb too + an adjective or adverb, or the indefinite numerals many or much (?).

None too many cakes came in their way. ASCOTT R. HOPE, Old. Pot.

1) Jespersen, Mod. Eng. Gram., II, 16.693. 2) STOF., E. S., XXVIII. 3) MURRAY.