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CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
CHAPTER VII.
PROGRESS OF THE WAR IN OTHER QUARTERS IN 1708-CONFERENCE OF THE HAGUE.-
SIEGE OF TOURNAY.-BATTLE OF MALPLAQUET.-FALL OF MONS.
1. Progress of the war in the Mediterranean and on the Rhine,
2. Ruinous divisions which prevailed in Spain,
3. Fall of Tortosa and Denia,
4. Nugatory campaign on the Italian frontier,
5. Projects of the courts of Turin and Berlin for the next campaign,
6. Marlborough's cold reception from the court of England, and mission to the
Hague,
7. Increasing difficulties of Godolphin in the Ministry,
9. Death of the Prince of Denmark,
8. Increasing irritations owing to Admiral Churchill's conduct,
10. Deplorable situation of the French monarch,
11. Great concessions offered by Louis,
12. Counter proposals of the Allies,
13. Progress of the negotiations,
14. M. de Torcy secretly offers bribes to Marlborough, which are refused,
15. Remarkable conversation of M. de Torcy with Marlborough,
16. His sentiments expressed to M. de Torcy on a peace,
17. Ultimatum of the Allies, which is rejected by France,
18. Marlborough still labours to effect a pacification,
19. False accusation against Marlborough of having prevented the peace,
20. Resolution of the States-General on the rupture of the negotiations,
21. Reflections on the rupture of this negotiation,
22. Noble efforts of Louis to save France,
23. Eulogy of M. Dumont on the conduct of France on this occasion,
24. Forces on both sides at the opening of the campaign,
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ib.
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25. Marlborough's efforts to obtain an augmentation of force in the Low Coun-
26. Which at length are partially successful. The forces at his disposal, 27. Description of Villars' position,
§
29. Description of Tournay,
30. Siege and capture of that town,
31. Siege of the citadel, and its desperate chances,
32. Alarms of the troops at the subterraneous warfare,
33. Its real horrors,
34. But the citadel is at length taken,
35. Vigorous movements of Marlborough towards Mons,
36. Positions taken by Marlborough after the lines were passed,
37. He turns Villars' lines, and gets between them and France,
38. Concentration of the Allied and of Villars' armies,
42. Preparatory movements on both sides, and interference of the Dutch
43. Opinions of Marlborough and Eugene in the council of war,
44. Result of these deliberations,
45. Villars fortifies his position,
46. Plan of attack by the Allied generals,
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31
32
33
34
35
36
38
39
40
41
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
51
52
53
47. Feelings of the soldiers on both sides,
48. Commencement of the battle,
49. Marlborough, after a desperate conflict, carries the wood of Taisnière,
50. Bloody repulse of the Prince of Orange on the left,
51. Heroic but ineffectual efforts of the Prince of Orange to restore the com-
bat,
52. Marlborough hastens to the spot, and restores the battle,
53. A vigorous attack of Villars on the right weakens his centre, which Marl-
60. Distinguished officers killed and wounded on both sides,
64
61. Blame unjustly thrown on the Prince of Orange in this battle,
67. Injudicious request of Marlborough to be made captain-general for life,
68. His flattering reception from the Houses of Parliament,
69. Increasing jealousies of him at court,
73. He determines to resign if Mrs Masham is not removed,
78
74. But is persuaded to yield, and is seemingly reconciled to the Queen,
75. Reflections on these steps of Marlborough,
79
76. Great interests at stake in the bedchamber appointments,
77. Extraordinary change in the public mind regarding the war and its hero,
78. Cause of this remarkable change,
79. Parallel examples in former times,
CHAPTER VIII.
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INVASION OF RUSSIA BY CHARLES XII.-HIS DEFEAT AT PULTOWA BY THE CZAR
PETER. HIS CHARACTER.-CAMPAIGN OF 1709 IN SAVOY AND SPAIN.-CONFERENCE
OF GERTRUYDENBERG.-CAMPAIGN OF 1710 IN FLANDERS.-MARLBOROUGH PASSES
VILLARS' LINES.-SIEGES OF DOUAI, BETHUNE, ST VENANT, AND AIRE.-INCREAS-
ING INFLUENCE OF HARLEY AND THE TORIES.-DISMISSAL OF GODOLPHIN, AND
CHANGE OF THE MINISTRY IN ENGLAND.-INCREASING DIFFICULTIES OF MARLBO-
ROUGH'S SITUATION.
1. Striking analogy between the War of the Succession and that of the Revo-
lution,
2. Remarkable coincidence of particular battles in both periods,
3. Remarkable parallel of the invasions of Russia by Charles XII. and Napo-
leon,
86
4. Proud position of Charles XII. at Dresden, before he began his march to
Poland,
87
5. His march from Dresden to Poland,
6. Increasing difficulties of Charles in his march,
7. Charles directs his march to the Ukraine to join Mazeppa,
8. Defeat of Levenhaupt, and capture of his convoy,
9. March of Charles towards Moscow,
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92
11. Preparations for the battle of Pultowa,
10. After a thousand hardships, they arrive at Pultowa,
12. Battle of Pultowa, and total defeat of Charles,
13. Surrender of fourteen thousand Swedes under Count Piper,
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14. Reflections on this event, and grief it occasioned to Marlborough,
19. Operations in Piedmont, and their abortive result,
20. Affairs of Spain in 1709. Increasing attachment of the Castilians to Philip,
21. Independent and dignified tone assumed by Philip in the negotiations at
22. Operations in Aragon and on the Catalonian frontier,
24. Marlborough's opinion on the Spanish war,
25. The government of the Netherlands again refused by Marlborough,
26. New confederacy in the north, and Marlborough's advice regarding it,
27. Commencement of the conferences of Gertruydenberg,
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103
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105
28. Rigorous demands of the Allies,
29. Real reasons of the rupture of the conferences,
31. Marlborough's departure for the Continent, and arrival at the Hague,
32. Commencement of the campaign agreed on between Eugene and Marl-
33. Passage of the lines of the Scarpe,
34. Description of Douai,
35. Its investment and siege, which Villars tries to raise,
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36. Anecdotes illustrative of the chivalrous character of the age,
40. The Allies are unable to reach Arras, but besiege Bethune,
122
41. Great skill with which Villars averted the invasion of France on this occa-
sion,
124
42. Siege and fall of Bethune,
125
43. Increasing animosity to Marlborough in England. He intends to besiege
47. General alarm at the augmentation of the public burdens,
51. Final interview between the Queen and the Duchess of Marlborough,
52. Appointment of the Duke of Shrewsbury as Lord Chamberlain by the
Queen alone,
55. Godolphin's temporising conduct on hearing of the appointment,
59. Marlborough in vain applies to the Duke of Shrewsbury,
143
60. The Queen persists in her resolution, and Sunderland is dismissed and
Lord Dartmouth appointed,
144
61. Effect of this step on the Whig cabinet and on Marlborough,
62. Marlborough's anxiety lest Parliament should be dissolved,
63. Consequences of these changes in administration in England,
64. Their effect on the Continent, and the Emperor's letter to Marlborough,
65. Renewed altercation between the Duchess and the Queen,
66. Queen Anne's answer to the Duchess,
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149
150
151
68. Secret mission of Mr Cresset to Hanover, who dies, and Marlborough's
magnanimity on hearing of it,
153
69. Noble conduct of Marlborough, and his wise advice to the Duchess at
this crisis,.
155
70. Harley and Mrs Masham resolve on Godolphin's dismissal,
156