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71. Patriotic conduct of Godolphin and Marlborough on this occasion,
72. Consternation of the Whigs, and new ministry,
73. Decision of Marlborough on this crisis,
.
74. Sacheverell's triumphant progress through the country,
75. Parliament is dissolved, and the Tories get a decided majority,
76. Paltry difficulties thrown in the way of the completion of Blenheim,
77. Attempts to gain over Marlborough to the Tories,
Page
157
159
160
162
163
ib.
164
78. Ungrateful reception of Marlborough by the ministers and the country,
79. Dismissal of the Duchess of Marlborough,
165
166
80. Marlborough with great reluctance withholds his intended resignation,
81. Causes of the fall of the Whig administration,
168
82. Great achievements of Marlborough down to this time,
170
CHAPTER IX.
-
CAMPAIGN IN SPAIN IN THE YEAR 1710. DEATH OF THE EMPEROR JOSEPH AND
ACCESSION OF CHARLES TO THE EMPIRE. CAMPAIGN OF 1711. -MARLBOROUGH
PASSES VILLARS' LINES. -SIEGE AND FALL OF BOUCHAIN. FRESH DISASTERS
IN SPAIN. -SECRET NEGOTIATIONS OF THE ENGLISH MINISTRY WITH LOUIS.-
TREATY OF UTRECHT. — MARLBOROUGH'S CONDEMNATION OF IT, AND DISMISSAL
FROM THE COMMAND.-UNJUST AND INVIDIOUS PERSECUTION OF HIM.-DISASTERS
IN FLANDERS, AND TREATY OF RASTADT. MARLBOROUGH
FOR THE CONTINENT.
LEAVES ENGLAND
1. Proof which Marlborough's fall afforded of his greatness,
2. Commencement of the campaign of 1710 in Spain, and defeat of Philip,
171
172
3. Entry of Charles into Madrid, and his cold reception there,
173
4. Efforts of Philip, and precarious situation of Charles at Madrid,
174
5. Arrival of Noailles at Valladolid, and great efforts of the Spaniards,
6. Divisions, and irresolution on the part of Charles at Madrid,
175
7. The Portuguese government refuse to allow their troops to succour
Charles VI.,.
176
8. Vigorous measures of the French, and retreat of Charles from Madrid,
9. Advance of Philip towards Madrid and Almarez,
177
10. Attack on Stanhope's division at Brihuerga, which is forced to capitu-
late,
178
11. Battle of Villa Viciosa, in which Vendôme is repulsed, and subsequent
disasters of the Allies,
179
12. Great disasters in the retreat,
180
13. Effects of these disasters on Marlborough, who lands in Holland,
14. Death of the Emperor Joseph, and election of Charles VI. as Emperor,
15. Great lines constructed by Villars,
18. Fatal separation of Eugene with his troops from Marlborough,
186
19. Villars avoids a battle by orders of Louis,
187
21. Marlborough determines to pass the enemy's lines,
the ministry,
20. Who had begun a separate and secret negotiation with England,
22. His project for achieving this,
23. Preparations for executing it, and deceiving the enemy,
24. He passes the lines with entire success,
25. Extraordinary success thus gained,
26. Great fame earned by Marlborough by this exploit,
27. Opinion of Rousset on this success,
28. Commencement of the siege of Bouchain,
29. Interesting operations on both sides during its progress,
31. Reflections on this siege by a Hanoverian officer engaged in it, .
32. Ostensible preparations for war, and real secret negotiations for peace by
33. Conditions of the preliminaries which were agreed to,
34. Infamous libels with which Marlborough is assailed by the Tories,
35. Malignant misrepresentations about the campaign of 1711,
202
37. Real object of the Tories in these attacks on Marlborough,
203
204
38. Charges brought against Marlborough of having embezzled public money, 205
39. Marlborough's decisive refutation of the charge,
40. Marlborough returns home deeply hurt at the clandestine accommodation, 207
41. Marlborough's noble speech in the House of Peers,
208
42. Resolution carried against ministers in the Peers,
209
43. Counter address carried in the Commons, and irresolution of the Queen,
44. Oxford dismisses Marlborough,
211
212
45. Universal joy among the enemies of England at these measures,
46. Marlborough's noble letter to the Queen on his dismissal,
213
214
47. Eugene's arrival in England, and noble conduct,
216
48. Machinations of the Tories to inflame the Queen against Marlborough,
49. Louis rises in his demands at Utrecht, which turns into a private treaty
between France and England,
50. Forces of the Allies and French in Flanders, and desperate situation of
Louis,
219
51. The defection of Britain saves France,
52. Siege and capture of Quesnoy,
221
222
53. Universal indignation which the defection of England excites in the Allied
powers,
54. Eloquent speech of Lord Halifax against the Peace in the House of Peers, 223
55. Marlborough's speech in seconding the motion of Halifax,
224
56. The Ministers falsely declare the Allies to be parties to the negotiation,
57. Conditions of the Treaty of Utrecht,
225
226
58. Mournful separation of the English contingent from the Allies,
59. Great difficulties now experienced in the negotiation with France,
60. Landrecies is ineffectually besieged by Eugene,
61. Villars destroys the detachment at Denain,
62. Conclusion of the war between France and the Dutch at Utrecht,
63. Austria continues the struggle, and makes peace at Rastadt,
69. The grasping disposition of Marlborough and the Whigs was one chief
cause of his fall,
239
70. It was the previous revolts against the Crown which occasioned this dis-
trust in the Sovereign,
240
71. The same cause produced the grasping ambition of the Whigs,
72. Errors of the people at this crisis,
241
242
73. Faults of the Queen and the Tories at this crisis,
74. Moral lesson from subsequent events,
243
CHAPTER X.
MARLBOROUGH'S BRILLIANT RECEPTION ON THE CONTINENT.- LOSES THE PRINCIPALITY
OF MINDELSHEIM.-HIS MEASURES TO SECURE THE HANOVERIAN SUCCESSION.—
COUNTER MEASURES OF BOLINGBROKE TO RESTORE THE STUARTS.-DEATH OF QUEEN
ANNE, AND ACCESSION OF GEORGE I.-MARLBOROUGH IS APPOINTED COMMANDER-IN-
CHIEF. HIS WISE MEASURES DEFEAT THE REBELLION IN 1715.-IS STRUCK WITH
PALSY, AND RETIRES FROM PUBLIC LIFE. HIS DEATH AND CHARACTER.-PUBLIC
FUNERAL, AND HONOURS PAID TO HIS MEMORY.
1. Marlborough's important share in securing the Hanoverian succession,
2. Marlborough is received with the highest honours on the Continent,
3. Base ingratitude of the Imperial court to him,
4. Continued malice against him at home,
5. Suspension of the building of Blenheim at the public expense,
6. Dissensions between Lady Masham and the Duchess of Somerset,
7. And of Oxford and Bolingbroke in the cabinet,
245
246
248
249
250
252
8. Strange mixture of parties in the Houses of Parliament,
254
9. Contradictory measures of the Legislature in contemplation of a rupture,
10. Marlborough's conduct at this crisis,
255
256
11. Mission of Mr Harley to the court of Hanover,
257
12. Indecision of the court of Hanover, and death of the Electress Sophia,
13. Prudent conduct of the Elector at this crisis,
14. Dismissal of Oxford, and Bolingbroke intrusted with the formation of a
ministry,
15. Bolingbroke tries to form a ministry; and his measures to bring in
James,
261
16. Counter measures of the Whigs; and death of the Queen,
17. Instantaneous measures of the Whigs to secure the succession,
262
263
18. Marlborough lands at Dover, and arrives in London,
19. Marlborough resolves to hold no political situation under the new govern-
20. George I. forms a Whig administration, and arrives in England,
21. Bolingbroke and Ormond are outlawed, and Oxford impeached,
265
266
22. Marlborough's successful opposition to measures favouring the Pre-
tender,
23. Marlborough's prompt suppression of disaffection among the Guards,
24. Commencement of the Rebellion in Scotland in 1715,
25. The Earl of Mar raises the standard of rebellion at Braemar,
26. Marlborough's firm and prudent conduct on this crisis,
27. Extent of the insurrection and measures of the Government,
28. Early success of the insurgents,
29. Movements in the south of Scotland, and advance into England,
30. Advance of the insurgents to Preston, and their surrender there,
31. Advance of Mar to Sheriffmuir,
275
276
277
32. Commencement of the battle, and success of Argyle on his right,
33. Success of the insurgents on the right and in the centre,
34. Indecisive result of the battle, but which turns to the advantage of the
English,
280
35. Argyle is superseded in the command by Cadogan,
281
36. Arrival of the Pretender in Scotland, and his reception at Scone,
282
37. Passing enthusiasm and real difficulties following on his arrival,
283
38. Re-embarkation of the Pretender, and suppression of the insurrection,
39. Conviction and sentence of Derwentwater, &c.,
284
40. Noble death of Derwentwater and Kenmure,
286
287
41. Reflections on this subject, and impolicy of death for political crimes,
42. True way of dealing with such cases,
288
289
43. Treachery of the English Government to the Catalans,
290
44. Resolution and heroic efforts of the people,
291
45. Arrival of the Duke of Berwick, and forces of the besiegers,
292
46. Preparations on both sides for the siege, and opening of the trenches,
47. Progress of the siege,
49. Humanity of Berwick to the besieged, and termination of the War of the
Succession,.
296
-56. Death of the Countess of Bridgewater and Countess of Sunderland,
303
57. Marlborough is struck with palsy, and his public life ended,
304
58. His last years and death,
305
59. And funeral,
306
60. His place of interment in Westminster Abbey, and at last at Blenheim,
61. Marlborough's fortune and will, .
308
309
62. Descent of the title and estates, .
310
63. Anecdote of a descendant of Marlborough at the battle of Fontenoy,
311
64. Remarkable kindness of disposition in Marlborough,
312
65. His character as a husband, father, and friend, .
66. His suavity of manners to all, and its great effects on the Alliance,
313
67. His humanity in war, and care of his soldiers, .
314
68. His equanimity when assailed by his enemies and dismissed from office,
315
69. His magnanimity in judging of others, .
316
70. False imputation against him of being adverse to peace and fond of money, 317 71. Subsequent life and death of the Duchess of Marlborough,
319
CHAPTER XI.
THE PEACE OF UTRECHT.
1. Moral character of the Duke of Marlborough's wars,
321
2. Opposite interests and causes for which the parties contended,
3. Magnitude of the danger which threatened Europe, if France had proved
successful,
4. Results which might have followed the triumph of France,
5. Opposite sides on political questions on which the parties were ranged,
similar to what afterwards occurred,
324
6. Yet fundamentally the Allies and France were in both cases ranged on the
same sides,
325
7. Important difference in the parties by whom the war was opposed in the
times of Marlborough and of Napoleon,
326
8. State of the opposite parties in Great Britain since the Great Rebellion,
9. The union of parties had brought about the Revolution,
327
329
10. Dangers which flowed from the Revolution. The funding system,
13. General corruption which was induced in the country,
14. Bolingbroke's account of the general indignation at this demoralising
system,
16. Strong principles of freedom and loyalty in the English character,
17. Reaction of generous feelings in favour of the Tories in the advanced
18. Which distinctly appears in the votes and composition of the House of
Commons,
19. Character of Bolingbroke,
20. His inconsistencies and faults,
21. Character of Harley, Earl of Oxford,
333
335
336
337
338
339
340
342
343
22. Swift and the Tory writers in the press,
344
23. Feelings and principles of the High Tories in regard to the war,
24. It was these causes which overturned Marlborough,
25. Great violations of moral rectitude in the mode of their attack on Marl-
26. What was the danger to be guarded against in the Peace,
349
27. The result has proved the Tories were wrong in their policy regarding it, 350
28. Disastrous effects and serious dangers to England which followed the leaving
a Bourbon on the Spanish throne,
351
29. Examples of this in later times,
30. These dangers have arisen solely from the Spanish alliance,
352
353