fields, of plantations, of cattle, and of the instruments of agriculture; the robbery and destruction of every thing that the unhappy inhabitants of the invaded districts possessed-this atrocious scene, which makes humanity shudder, affords a terrible lesson, which you ought deeply to engrave in your memory, in order fully to know that degenerate nation, who retain only the figure of men, and who in every respect are worse than wild beasts, and more blood-thirsty than tygers or lions. Wretched are they who trust in their deceitful promises! Victims of a foolish credulity a thousand times will they repent, but without avail, of the levity with which they have trusted to the promises of a nation without faith and without law; of men who acknowledge neither the rights of humanity, nor respect the sacred tie of an oath. Opposed to such an enemy, the only alternatives which remained to us were resistance, or retreat; the former depended on a competent armed force, the latter is a law which the duty of preserving life and property imposes on all peaceful citizens. These, evacuating the towns where they dwell, transporting the effects which they can carry off, destroying those which they are obliged to abandon, and which might serve for the subsistence of the enemy, escape the horrors of the most infamous slavery, throw themselves into the arms of their fellow countrymen, who receive them as brothers, assist the military operations, depriving the invaders of the means of maintaining themselves in the territory which they occupied; and in this way they are so far useful to themselves, because the enemy, not being able to support himself for a long time in positions where he is in want of subsistence, will soon be obliged to evacuate them; and the inhabitants returning immediately to their homes, neither suffer the inconveniencies of a lengthened absence, nor find their houses and fields in that state of total devastation, in which the enemy's army would have left them, had he remained for a longer period.-Such, Portuguese, are the lessons of experience which we ought never to forget.But amidst such great disasters, Providence is pleased to give us sources of consolation which will make them less sensibly felt.-The unfortunate people who fled from the fury of their cruel oppressors have experienced the greatest kindness in the humanity of their fellow citizens. In all the districts

to which they have fled they were received with open arms; the inhabitants eagerly pressed to afford them all that suecour which they could individually bestow; they filled their houses with emigrants; and many times have we perceived with tears of joy the generous emulation of those who disputed with one another who should afford the rights of hospitality to those unknown families who arrived in this capital without shelter or the means of subsistence.-It is the duty of the Government to take immediate measures for the relief of these necessitous persons; but the want of public funds, which are not even sufficient to provide for our defence, must make these measures less effectual, unless individuals liberally concur in a proceeding as much recommended by humanity as by patriotism.Under the inspection of an illustrious tribunal which has advanced part of these succours, by the wise and economical measures of a member of that tribunal, executed by zealous and intelligent officers, the wretched fugitives have been fed, and numberless unfortunate persons have been rescued from the jaws of death. This great expence has been supported, not only by the resources which were at the disposal of Government, but, still more, by voluntary donations presented by natives, and foreigners; among whom we ought to mention with particular distinction the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, both those who are employed in the army, those who are attached to the legation, and those who are comprehended in the class of merchants. Those acts of patriotism and of Christian charity were not confined to the capital and its vicinity. In all the districts of the kingdom, whither the fugitives resorted, they met the same reception, and experienced the same kindness and liberal aid, as far as the ability of the inhabitants enabled them to extend it.-The Governors of the Kingdom, in the name of the Prince Regent, return thanks to all for such distinguished services, by which the lives of so many of his subjects have been saved, and those calamities softened which were caused by the scourge of a destructive war. His Royal Highness will rejoice in being the sovereign of a people so loyal, patriotic, generous, and Christian.-It now only remains to complete the work, to promote the restoration of the fugitives to their homes, to render habitable the towns which the barbarism of these spoilers has

new disasters. Words are unequal to convey an idea of the humanity, zeal, and intrepidity with which many boats and feluccas (particularly the English) put out and saved a number of unfortunate people, who must otherwise have perish

ing his means of purchasing cattle, and acquiring the instruments of agriculture. -Such have been and are the constant cares of the Governors of the Kingdom. Portuguese! tribulations are the crucible in which the merit of men is purified. You have passed through this ordeal, and the result has been glorious. You are become a great nation,-a nation worthy of those heroic progenitors who illustrated the cradle of the Monarchy. Preserve unalterable these sentiments; confide in your Government, as your Government confides in you; draw every day more closely the bonds of union among yourselves, with other nations and with our generous Allies, who are our true brothers. Let one soul, oue will, direct our common efforts; and if any one attempt to sow discord, let us tear from our bosom the venomous viper, and let us seal with his blood the ratification of our indissoluble alliance. Practise these maxims with the same constancy with which you have hitherto followed them, and you will be in vincible. Palace of the Government, March 30, 1811.-The Bishop Cardinal Elect; P. Souza, Charles Stuart; Marquis Monteiro Mor; Conde de Redondo; Ric. Raimundo Nogueira.

On the evening of the 27th it began to blow a strong gale from the east, which encreased every moment, and in the course of the night and next morning rose to a pitch of violence greater than any within our recollection. The consequences have been most destructive and deplorable. The inhabitants, filled with a well founded apprehension of the damage which such a terrible night was likely to cause in the bay, crowded in the morning to the seawall, where they witnessed the dreadful spectacle of a considerable number of ships wrecked, and others in danger of the same fate making signals for assistance. During the whole day the gale Continued equally violent, and caused

ed.-The inhabitants of Cadiz averted their eyes from these objects, to turn them, full of indignation, on the cause of such evils. "It is not," they exclaimed, the east wind which has sacrificed so many victims, which has ruined so many families whose property is buried in the sea ;-it is they who, from unpardonable ignorance, criminal indolence, or, to speak at once (since there are Tortosas and Badajos), from infamous wickedness, did not reap the fruits of the memorable battle of Chiclana. The whole coast cleared of the enemy, (as it ought to have been), many ships would have been anchored between Puntales and the Trocadero; and consequently sheltered from the violence of the storm. They would have had more sea-room, and would not have run fou! of each other; and even if driven on shore, the exertions for saving their crews might have been more effectual.-The nation demands vengeance, and demands it justly, August Congress! if ignorance or treason are the causes of our not having reaped the fruits of that glorious day, arm yourselves with the avenging sword of justice, and let the guilty perish,From the Conciso it appears, that very warm discussions have taken place in Cadiz, with respect to the conduct of the Spanish General Lapena in the battle of Barrosa, and it does not seem to have given more satisfaction there than it has done in this country.-The Conciso of the 22d of March contains a letter from an English officer, on the subject, to which there is afterwards a reply from a Spanish officer. We shall give some extracts from each. The ENGLISH OFFICER begins thus -Having heard nothing but faise accounts touching the battle of Barrosa, and being persuaded that the public cannot obtain a proper knowledge of it from the dispatch of General Lapena alone, I should be wanting to my duty as an English officer, if I failed to lay before the Spanish public certain facts which fixed my attention.-I shall not detail any of the circumstances which occurred before our arrival at Vejar, suffice it to. say, that the allied troops underwent much labour and fatigue; but as the ut

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most harmony prevailed, it was cheerfully borne by the soldiers of both nations. On the night of the 3d we halted in a wood near Vejar; and at six in the evening of the 4th we all marched, with the understanding that we were to halt and take refreshment at Conil, for the purpose of being prepared to fight the enemy next day. The Spanish General, however, changed the plan, and on the morning of the 5th, after a march of sixteen hours, we found ourselves on the heights of Barrosa. -The van-guard, under the command of Brigadier Lardizabal, received orders to enter the pine-wood, and make every effort to keep open the communication with Santi Petri; and this operation was very respectably executed by his division.-At this moment General Lapena ordered General Graham to march towards the wood with the British troops, in the direction of Santi Petri, which he did; but he had not advanced far into the wood, when he received advices, that the enemy was marching rapidly by the plain towards the position which we occupied three quarters of an hour before. He immediately countermarched his division; and upon issuing from the wood, observed a strong column of the enemy advancing on our left; and we were surprised to see another considerable corps in possession of the heights, where we had left part of the Spanish army. I know not what happened on the heights after our troops left them. I have beard that the Spanish and German cavalry charged the enemy; I have heard that two Spanish regiments of the division of Begines opened a brisk fire on the enemy; I have heard, in short, that they all received positive orders from the General in Chief to retire; but as I was not with them, I do not take upon me to decide upon any of these circumstances: what I shall say is, that when we cleared the pine-wood, no Spanish troops were in sight.-Retreat would have been most hazardous; and to attack a height occupied by fresh and superior forces, wanted little of being an enterprise of equal difficulty. I understand that General Graham was aware of the importance of the position of Barrosa; and confident of the valour of his troops, determined on risking an attack. The heights on our right were

taken after an obstinate resistance, and the enemy's column on our left was put to the rout.-The enemy being already forced on all points, a squadron of German cavalry charged him, and the line made a halt, the General thinking that his troops had worked hard enough.-Four thousand men, so exhausted by the want of refreshment and a painful march, and who, notwithstanding, drove back a very superior force possessing the advantages of position and circumstances, require no eulogy.-During the time when the combatants were hotly engaged, two battalions (Walloons and Ciudad Real) incorporated with our divi. sion during the march, and which were directed. towards another point when he ordered us to enter the pine-wood, were seen making all possible exertions to join. and succour their friends; but they could not reach our line till the whole was concluded: I believe, however, that Brigadier' Cruz and these battalions are sharers in the glories of that day, from the zeal and anxiety which they displayed to join our troops.-The enthusiasm which animated these battalions does not suffer me to doubt that the same spirit prevailed in the whole Spanish army; but these good dispositions, and all the firmness and noble sentiments of the Spanish nation, were sacrificed to the want of activity of General Lapena, of his advisers, and the officers of his staff.-Had the smallest movement been executed; had the Spanish General himself, or any individual of his staff, been present to give him an account of the state of the action, he would, by consequence, have been able to co operate ***; and the result would doubtless have been attended with as favourable consequences to the Spanish cause as any other event which has occurred since the commence, ment of the oppression and tyranny exer cised upon Spain; and I believe it is not. too much to say, that it would have accomplished the deliverance of Andalusia. -I declare on my word of honour, that all that I have related took place under my own eye; and I am persuaded that there is not an officer in the British army, nor in the Spanish battalions above-mentioned, who will fail to confirm every word of it. C. P. AN OFFICER IN THE BRITISH ARMY. Isla, March 10, 1811.

(To be continued.)