Amphibious...... able to live in two elements.... .hence partaking of two natures. Amphitheatre... a theatre on both sides........... a sloping upward all round Antidote............... Apostasy Ana or an signifies up, back, again, through. Ant or anti signifies against or opposite. .............. Apo signifies away, from. a standing away from.... Apostrophe ...... a turning from the subject.. a counteractive. Cata, cat, or cath, signifies under, down, throughout. Catacombs....... hollow under-ground places.. ..hence caves for burying the dead. to teach by questioning. universal. Dia signifies through or round. something bound round .........hence a crown. the measure through the centre. En or em signifies in or on. Para signifies side by side, near to, aside from. .......... & throwing side by side able allel ..hence a comparison, a similitude. similarity, comparison. Peri signifies round, about. the way round.. ..hence revolution, stated time,end. a circumlocution. phrasis.... a roundabout saying... Syn, with its forms sy, syl, and sym, signifies together, with. tax.. em a standing together a taking together with the lips. pathy.. ........ a feeling together... ..hence construction of sentences. a methodical arrangement. ....... a distinct utterance. compassion. WORD LESSONS-SUFFIXES. UFFIX is a syllable placed after a root-word to form a derivative. Sufwere at one time distinct words with a separate signification. Some ble, like, less, some) still are significant words. But most of them have their separate meaning, and simply modify the meaning of the words hich they are attached. [L.], act, as pass-age; state, as vassal- ac [Gr. and L.], pertaining to, as demoni-ac. er [E.], little, as whisp-er, splint-er; to do ous [L.], full of, as danger-ous. id [L.], pertaining to, as ferv-id. ing [E.], action, as writ-ing. ion [L.], state, as religion, pens-ion, fash-ion, miss-ion, nat-ion, complex-ion. ise [L.], to make, as chast-ise. Other form,-ize, as fertil-ize. ive [L.], able to, as act-ive. Other form,iff, one who, as plaint-iff. less [E.], without, as profit-less. Other form, Other some [E.], full of, as glad-some, win-some. sy [Gr.].. ........as poe-sy. ...cri-sis. ...abil-ity. * Example.-Astonishment; root, astonish; suffix, ment, meaning state. Astonishment the state of being astonished. ↑ Example.-Glad-, gladd-en, to make glad; glad-ness, state of being glad; gladsome, full of gladness. 180 USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. THE THERMOMETER. one hundred-and-e THE temperature of a body is usually found FIG. 1. 60 30 ful instrument is constructed is very simple. It is this:Almost all bodies expand when heated, and contract when Scooled. But those only are fit to act as measures of heat that Texpand and contract equally, and to a considerable amount; that is, if they expand or contract 1-100th of an inch for a certain change of heat, their dimensions shall be altered 2-100ths of an inch for double the amount, 3-100ths for triple, and so on. No known body possesses this property in perfection, but several approach very near it, as long as the heat does not greatly exceed that of boiling water. Quicksilver, or mercury, is one of these bodies, and is the one ordinarily employed in measuring degrees of heat. 40 30 20 b 10 10 To do this with accuracy, two fixed points, called the freezing point and the boiling point of water, are first ascertained; and the space between them is then graduated, or divided into degrees, as follows:-Having filled the bulb, a (Fig. 1), and part of the hair-like tube, b, with mercury, expel the air from b c, and close the open end, c. If the tube be then plunged in a vessel filled with melting ice, the mercury will be found to shrink until it settles at a point marked 32° on the left side of Fig. 1. This point is therefore called the freezing point. Now, place the tube in the steam of boiling water-the mercury rapidly ascends until it settles at 212°. At whatever point near the sea-level this experiment is made, the result is always the same. We say, near the sealevel; for the higher the elevation, the lower the temperature at which water boils. Hence 212° is called the boiling point. Now, 212°-32°=180°; and hence every points gives 1° of hea In France, and freezing point is calle and the boiling poin Fig. 2. In these coun fore, each hundredth space between the tv 1° of heat. The form modes of reckoning is | Fahrenheit scale, fro of that name by wh first adopted in ma the thermometers ; called the Centigrad Hundred-degree). It pass from the one to for 100° C. 180° F., or F., and 1° F. =°C. forming these reducti to be borne in mind in the scale of Fahren F. below the zero of grade scale, the freezi water. Another division, us many and Russia, in freezing-point is 0° and ing-point of water 80 on the right of Fig. 1. Spirit of wine (alcoho times used instead of There is an advantage when the temperature t sured may fall to 39° bel Fahrenheit's thermome cury freezes, while spiri been known to freeze. T in alcohol, also, when are to be noted. All liqu expanded by the same wine is found to expand as mercury. Hence each on a spirit thermometer as it would be on a mer of exactly the same size Thus, on the spirit th changes, say of quarter are more quickly seen. by saying it is more sens spirit boils at 173°, it is u |
