from living models; by which means | ployed in vignettes and decorations he considerably improved the taste of books, many of which were after

as well as the skill of his contemporaries. One of his best pictures, is the History of David and Bathsheba, and his most distinguished disciple was John Hendrick Roos.-Houb. Pilk. GRAAW or Grauw (Henry), a Dutch historical painter, born at Hoorn, in North Holland, in 1627, and died in 1682, aged 55. He received his first instructions from Peter Grebber, but afterwards became a disciple of Jacob Van Campen, with whom he continued eight years, and gained so much credit by his improvement in painting, that Prince Maurice, of Nassau, engaged him to paint several ceilings in the palace near the Hague. Not satisfied with the knowledge which he had hitherto acquired, and to refine his taste, by designing and copying the works of the great masters, and the antiques, he travelled to Rome, where he studied three years, He at length succeeded so well, by industry and an apt genius, that Nicolo Poussin, looking over some of the studies of Graaw, declared he never saw a Fleming of whom he had higher expectations, or any one of more promising talents. On his return from Italy, he lived alternately at Amsterdam and Utrecht, enriched by his works, and exceedingly admired. He had a fine invention, his manner of composing was grand, and his dispositions showed much taste and judgment. His draperies were large, his colouring good, his design correct; and he particularly excelled in naked figures, in which his choice was elegant, and the contours graceful. He left very few pictures; but what he finished will serve to establish his reputation as an eminent master.-Houb., Pilk.

the designs of Gravelot, Eisen, and others. He engraved a set of plates for an edition of Ovid's Metamorphoses, published at Paris. He also executed some large plates of ruins, neatly executed, but with little taste. -Strutt.

GRANDHOMME (James), a German engraver, born at Heidelberg, and flourished about the year 1600. He is supposed to have been a pupil of Theodore de Bry. We have several plates by him, engraved in a neat stiff style. His best prints are his portraits, which possess considerable merit. He worked chiefly with the graver.—Strutt.

GRAVELOT (Henry), a French engraver, who died about 1703. This artist was not much known as an engraver, but was an excellent draughtsman, and drew designs for ornaments in great taste; he was a faithful copyist of ancient buildings, tombs, and prospects, for which he was constantly employed by the artists in London. He drew the monuments of the kings for Vertue, and gave the designs, where invention was necessary, for Pine's plates of the tapestry in the House of Lords. He had been in Canada as secretary to the governor, but the climate disagreeing with him, he returned to France, whence he was invited over by Du Bosc. He was for some time employed in Glouces tershire, drawing churches and antiquities. He engraved the prints to Sir Thomas Hanmer's edition of Shakspeare, and many of them he designed; but it was his large print of Kirkstal-abbey, which shows how able an engraver he was. GREBBER (Peter), a Dutch GRAND (Le), a French engra-painter, born at Haerlem, about ver, who resided at Paris about the 1590. He was a disciple of Henry year 1760. He was chiefly em- Goltzius, and became an artist of

considerable esteem in his native city, where many of his performances are to be seen, and are still very much admired. It is not certain whether this artist had ever been in Italy, but from his taste of design, it appears that he must have been conversant with excellent models. Houb. Pilk.

GREEF (Jerome), a German engraver, born at Franckfort, about the year 1500. He is supposed to have been a pupil of Albert Durer, but this conjecture probably arose from his having copied some of the wooden cuts of that artist with great exactness. He copied from Albert Durer wooden cuts of the Apocalypse of St. John, the same size as the original, very finely executed. -Strutt.

to his wishes, he came to London in 1765, where he turned his thoughts to scraping in mezzotinto, and without the aid of an instructor, arrived at a perfection which has seldom been equalled. Mr. Green participates with M'Ardell and Earldom, the merit of being the first artists who gave consequence and variety to the particular mode of engraving to which they devoted themselves; and it is due to Mr. Green to remark, that his celebrated prints of Hannibal and Regulus, after the pictures by Mr. West, in the Roy collection, were the first plates of equal magnitude and importance that had appeared. These were succeeded by several others of similar consideration, which will ever rank among the ablest and most energetic efforts of mezzotinto. This indefatigable artist, by his unremitting exertion during a period of upwards of forty years, has produced nearly four hundred plates, engraved from the most celebrated painters, ancient and modern. In 1789, Mr. Green obtained a patent from the Duke of Bavaria of the exclusive privilege of engraving and publishing prints from the pictures in the Dusseldorf Gallery; and in the year 1795,had published twentytwo prints of that collection. This enterprise promised to remunerate

GREEN (John), an English engraver, who died about 1760. This artist made great proficiency in graving landscapes, &c., and executed the following heads :-Thomas Rowney; Thomas Shaw, D. D.; W. Derham, D. D. He engraved the plates for Borlase's Natural History of Cornwall, and many of the seats of the nobility and gentry in that work. Green was employed by the University of Oxford, and continued their almanacs for several years.-Walpole. GREEN (Valentine). This cele-him amply for so spirited an underbrated artist and engraver was born in Warwickshire in 1739, and died in 1813, aged 74. He was intended by his father for the profession of the law, for which purpose he was placed under a respectable practitioner, at Eresham, in Worcestershire, with whom he passed two years; but having a taste for drawing, he abandoned his office, and, without his father's concurrence, became a pupil to an obscure line, engraver at Worcester. His progress in that branch of engraving not succeeding and in 1774, one of the six associated

taking, but unfortunately, during the siege of that city by the French, in 1798, the castle and gallery were laid in ruins, and a very valuable property belonging to him was destroyed. Other speculations, flattering in their outset, were lost to him by the overwhelming eruption of the French Revolution, of which Mr. Green thus became one of the innumerable victims. In 1767, he was elected a member of the incorporated society of artists of Great Britain;

engravers of the Royal Academy. On the foundation of the British Institution, he was appointed Keeper; and it will be allowed that his zealous exertions to promote the purposes of the establishment, and the urbanity of his manners to the public and the artists, were exemplary.-Strutt, Bryan.

The limits of our work preclude us from giving a more enlarged account of this esteemed artist's works.

GREENBURY (—), an English copyist, who died about 1670. He copied two pictures of Albert Durer, from the collection of Charles I., which were much admired.

from the tavern, in the bloom of his years.-De Piles, Pilk.

GREUTER (Matthew), a German engraver, born at Strasburg about the year 1564. After receiv ing some instructions in his native city, he travelled to Italy, by way of Lyons and Avignon, in both which cities he was some time employed. He resided chiefly at Rome, where he engraved several plates executed in a very neat style, though his designs are generally incorrect. Some of his plates' are wrought entirely with the graver, and the others are etched, and finished with the graver in a lighter style Strutt.

GREUTER(John Frederick). He was son of the preceding artist, born at Rome, about the year 1600, and was instructed by his father. We have by him a variety of plates executed with the graver, in a clear neat style. He engraved the plates for the Flora of P. Ferrari.--Ibid.

GRIBELIN (Simon), a French engraver, born at Blois in 1651, and died in England in 1733, aged 72. He came to England in 1680, but it was twenty years before he was noticed. The work that first raised his reputation, was the Tent of Darius, published in 1707. This was followed by a set of the Cartoons; their success was very great, having never been completely engraved before. He afterwards pub

GREENHILL (John), an English historical and portrait-painter, born at Salisbury in 1649, and died in 1669, aged 20. He was a disciple of Sir Peter Lely, whose style of painting he imitated successfully, in crayons as well as in oil. He was accounted very little inferior to his master, and probably would have stood in competition with him, if Sir Peter would have allowed him free access to his painting-room and permitted him to see the method of using his colours, and his manner of penciling. But by the most authentic accounts, Lely grew jealous of the abilities of Greenhill, and considered him as a rival; and except one time when he stood at his master's back, while he was painting the por-lished six historical pieces, from pictrait of Mrs. Greenhill, he never was permitted to see him paint. He had much natural capacity, and copied the picture which Vandyck painted of Killigrew, with a dog, so extremely well, that it was mistaken for the original; and his portraits in crayons were much admired. At first he was very industrious, but afterwards he gave himself up to an irregular and dissolute course of life, and died by an accidental fall, as he returned

tures in the collection at Kensington, and the ceiling of the banqueting-house; but none of his plates gave any idea of the style of the masters they copied. He executed a great number of small plates on gold, silver, and copper, chiefly for books. Gribelin engraved the following portraits :-Duke Schomberg; Sir William Dawes; and a small whole length of the Earl of Shaftes bury.- Walpole.

GRIFFIER, called the Old | which his family retained ever after. (John), a Dutch landscape-painter, Grimani was particularly attached to born at Amsterdam in 1645, and died in 1718, aged 73. He was the disciple of Roland Roghman, whose dark manner he quitted, to imitate the fresher tones of A. Vandervelde and Lingelbach. He went to England and settled in London. His subjects were ruins, or views enriched with figures, cattle, boats, &c., which he designed and placed well. His imitations of Rembrandt, Poelemburg, Ruysdael, and Teniers, have often been taken for originals. -Pilk.

GUIDI (Raphael), an Italian engraver, born at Florence about 1540. From his style, it is probable that he was instructed in the art by Cornelius de Cort, or Agostino Caracci. His prints are executed entirely with the graver, which he handled in a masterly manner. His design is tasteful and correct, and though he is inferior to Agostino, his prints possess great merit.—Strutt.

was invited to England by Lord of the Triumph of the Cross; and in Burlington, for whom he did many the Cathedral, the Ascension of our works in London, and at Chiswick. Saviour, and the Assumption of the He was some time employed in re- Virgin. At Cordova, in the cloispairing the antiques at Lord Pom-ter of the Augustines, there are some fret's, at Easton Neston, now at pictures of the Life of the Founder Oxford. His tomb of Mr. Craggs in of the Order.- Cumberland's AnecWestminster Abbey, is graceful and dotes of Spanish Painters. simple. After a residence here of twenty years, he returned to his native city, Bologna.- Walpole. GUERNIER (Lewis du), a French engraver, born at Paris in 1677, and died in London in 1716, aged 39. He was instructed in the art by L. de Chastillon, and came to England in 1708, though with very moderate talents. His chief business was engraving frontispieces for plays, and other publications. He assisted Du Bosc in engraving the plates of the battles of the Duke of Marlborough. At the request of Lord Halifax, he executed a large plate of Lot and his daughters, after Michel Angelo Caravaggio. There are also two portraits of James Douglas, Duke of Queensbury, and his Duchess, after Kneller; they are rare.- -Strutt.

GUEVARA (DonJuan), a Spanish historical painter, born at Malaga, 1631, and died in 1698, aged 67. He was the son of a captain of the Guards of the Viceroy of Aragon, under whose protection he was placed as a disciple of Miguel Manrique, a Fleming who had been educated in the school of Rubens. He afterwards studied at Madrid, under Alonzo Cano. With the instruction of these masters he became a very reputable artist, and adopted a style that partook of the character of both. To the grandeur and correctness of Alonzo Cano, he united the splendid and brilliant colouring of the head of the Flemish School. His principal works are at Malaga, Grenada, and Cordova. In the church de la Charidad, at Malaga, is a fine picture

GUIDO (Ascanius), an Italian engraver, who flourished about the year 1567. There is a print by him of the Last Judgment, after Michel Angelo Buonarotti, rather smaller than the plate engraved by Martin Rota, and is not much inferior to it in merit. It is dated 1567, by which it appears to have been executed two years previous to that by Rota.Strutt.

GUIDOTTI (Paul), an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect, born at Lucca in 1569, and died in 1629, aged 60. He made wings, with which he imagined he could fly; but in making the attempt at Lucca, he fell, and received great injury. D'Argenville, Nouv. Dict. Hist.

GUNDULPHUS (———), a celebrated architect, who flourished in England about the eleventh century. Vertue says, it was this artist who built the Tower of London, together with the cathedral of Rochester.

GYZEN (Peter), a Flemish landscape painter, born at Antwerp about 1636. He was a disciple of John Breughel, whose manner he industriously imitated. His subjects were views of villages, on the banks of