AUSONIUS. A CSONIUS, tutor of Gratian, controversy

as to his religion, iii. 356 and note S.,

iv. 110, note; promotion of, 357, note. AUTHARIB, son of Clepho, elected king

of the Lombards, v. 347; recovers the greater part of Italy from the Franks and Greeks, 348; his adventurous gallantry and marriage with Theodelinda, daughter of the

king of Bavaria, 353; death, ib. AUTUN stormed by the Gallic legions,

ii. 19. AUVERGNE, Gallic province, description

and revolutions of, iv. 376. AUXILIARIES, how composed and em

ployed, i. 151 ; ill effects of in the Roman armies, 368; barbarian, in

crease of, under Constantine, ii. 324. AUXIMUM, v. Osimo. Avars subdued by the Turks, v. 176 ;

were a Turkish stock, ib. note S.; send an embassy to Justinian, 177; advance into Poland and Germany, ib.; embassy of the, to Justin II., 331; alliance with the Lombards, 333; defeat the Gepidæ, and occupy their country, 334 ; extend their dominion after the ruin of the Gepidæ, 376; perfidious attempt on Heraclius, 397; their alliance with the Persians and attack on Constantinople, 405; repulsed, 406 ; their country, Pannonia, reduced by Charle

magne, vi. 175. AVERNUS, lake, iv. 79, note. AVERROES, Arabian philosopher, opi

nions of, vi. 404, note. AVERSA, town of, founded for the Nor

mans, vii. 103 and 104, note G. AVICENNA, Arabian physician, vi. 402. AVIENUS, his embassy to Attila, with

Trigetius and Leo, iv. 244. AVIGNON becomes the residence of the

popes, viii. 215; Lives of the popes of, ib. note ; sovereignty of, purchased

from Jane queen of Naples, 216. AVITUS, the senator, embassy to Theo

doric, iv. 233; made commander in Gaul by Maximus, 258; his origin and character, 259 ; villa, ib. ; treats with the Visigoths, ib.; proclaimed emperor by the assembly of Arles, 260; fixes his residence at Rome, 263; profligacy and unpopularity, 264; deposed by count Ricimer, ib.; made bisbop of Placentia, 265 ; death, to.

BABYLON. Avitus, bishop of Vienna, his answer to

Gundobald king of the Burgundians,

iv, 354. Awsites, Arabian tribe of, vi. 243. Axuch, a Turkish slave, refuses to ac

cept the confiscated fortune of Anna

Comnena, vi. 119. Axum, kings of, iii. 84, note M.; in

scription of, v. 207, note M.; residence of the Negus of Abyssinia,

208; ruins of, ib. notes. AXUMITES, v. Abyssinians. AYESHA, daughter of Abubeker and

wife of Mahomet, vi. 266; chastity suspected, 267; story of her opposing her father's elevation, 270 and note S.; hatred of A li and his family, 274 and note S.; assists the rebellion of Telba and Zobeir, ib.; courage in the Day of the Camel, 275 ; respect and delicacy of Ali towards her, ib,

and note M. AYOUBITES, their descent, vii. 253, note. AYUB, father of Saladin, bis prudent

and determined conduct, vii. 254. AZIMUb, or Azimuntium, city of

Thrace, alone holds out against the arms of Attila, iv, 206 and notes ; its privilege violated by Peter, bro

ther of the emperor Maurice, v. 381. Azyms, furious debate concerning, be

tween the Greek and Latin churches,

vii. 280. Azzadin, sultan of Iconium, takes re

fuge at Constantinople from the Mon

gols, viii. 13. Azzo, marquis of Lombardy, ancestor

of the lines of Brunswick and Este, vii. 119, note.

B.

BAALBEC, or Heliopolis, vi. 315; ruins

of, described, 316. Babec, father of Artaxerxes, i. 331,

note. BABYLAS, St., bishop of Antioch,

corpse of, transferred to the grove of Daphne by Gallus, iii. 169; pompous removal of, by the Christians at

the command of Julian, ib. BABYLON, that name applied to Romo

by the early Christians, ii, 175 ; circumference of, 295, note ; converted into a royal park, iii. 195 ; licentious ness of the women, 199, note.

BACCHANALS.

BACCHANALS at Rome, ii. 210 and 211,

note,
BACCHUS, temple of, at Alexandria, iii.

418 and note S.
Bacon, distribution of, at Rome, iv. 84.
BADOERI, dukes of Venice, their illus-

trious descent, v. 341, note.
BADUARIUS, superintendent of the pa-

lace, marries Arabia daughter of Jus-

tin II., v. 341.
BÆSICA, province of Spain, i. 155.
BAFINA, queen of the Thuringians, be-

comes the mother of Clovis, by Chil-

deric, iv. 346.
Bagaude, or Gaulish peasants, de-

scribed, ii. 69 ; etymology of their
name, ib. note ; rebellion, ib. ; quelled
by Maximian, 70; their leaders, whe-
ther Christians ? ib. ; sell a free pas-
sage over the Alps to the troops of
Honorius, iv. 55 ; confederations of

the, in Gaul and Spain, 252.
Bagavan, mount, ii. 79.
BAGDAD founded by the caliph Almar-

sor, vi. 394 and note ; etymology of
the name, 395, note ; site, 395 and
note S. ; college at, 399; stormed
and sacked by the Mongols, viii. 13;
pyramid of ninety thousand heads

erected at, by Timour, 53.
BaHarites, Mamaluke dynasty of the,

vii. 274 and note.
BAHRAM, or Varanes, Persian general,

birth, character, and exploits, v.368;
defeated by the Romans, 370 ; in-
sulted by Hormouz, ib.; rebellion,
ib.; defeats and deposes Chosroes,
son of Hormouz, 372; usurps the
sceptre, 374 ; defeated by Narses on
the Zab, ib.; flight and death, ib, and

note M.
BAHREIN, district of Persia, vi. 198.
Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride

and power, v. 376 ; perfidy, 378;
takes Sirmium, ib.; razes Singidu-
num, 379; generosity, ib.; extent of

his dominion, ib.
Baikal, lake, described, ii. 308 and

notes.
BAJAZET I., sultan, son and successor of

Amurath I., surnamed “Ilderim," or
“the Lightning," viii. 30; first of his
family who assumed the title of sul.
tan, ib. note S.; his conquests from
the Euphrates to the Danube, 31;
character and administration, ib. ; dc-
fents Sigismund king of Hungary, 32;

BALTIC SEA,
puts the French prisoners to death,
33 and note M.; his hunting and
hawking, 35; answer to the let-
ter of Timour, 50; styled kaissar of
Roum, 51; defeated by Timour at
Angora, 54; made prisoner, 55 ·
story of his iron cage, 56 ; death, 57;
testimonies as to his harsh treatment
by Timour, 58, 59 ; probable conclu-
sion, 59; Von Hammer's explanation,
60, note M.; civil wars of his sons,

66.
BAJAZET II., sultan, facilitates Lasca-

ris' search for Greek MSS., viii. 117,

note.
BalbaTUS (v. Vabalathus).
Balbinos elected emperor with Maxi-

mus, i. 316 ; character, ib. (v. Maxi-

mus).
BALBus, Cornelius, family and rise of, i.

316, note.
Baldwin, count of Flanders, a leader

in the fourth crusade, vii. 290;
elected emperor of the East,
321 ; his government, 322 ; defeated
and captured by the Comans and
Bulgarians, 330 ; death, 331 and

note.
Baldwin II., emperor of Constantino-

ple, vii. 339; his misfortunes and
mendicancy, 340; visits to England,
ib.; disgraceful alliance with the
Turks and Comans, 341; sale of re-
lics to St. Louis, 342; escapes to
Italy on the taking of Constantinople

by the Greeks, 346.
Baldwi:7, brother of Godfrey of Bouil-

lon, his quarrel with Tancred, vii.
214 and note S.; adopted by the go-
vernor of Edessa, 215 and note S.;
seizes that city and founds a princi.
pality, ib. ; becomes king of Jerusa.

lem, 230.
BALDWIN II., king of Jerusalem, vii.

256.
BALDWIN III., king of Jerusalem, vii.

256.
BALDWIN IV., king of Jerusalem, vii.

257.
Baltha Ogli, admiral of Mahomet II.,

punishment of his defeat, viii. 163.
Balti, or Balthæ, family of Alaric,

etymology of the name, iv. 24 and

note S.
Baltic sea, i. 350, notes ; subsidence

of the, knowlege of, low acquired
by the Romans, iii. 203, nita

BALOZE.
BALUZE, character of his Lives of the

Popes of Avignon,' viii. 215, note.
BAMBYCE, a name of Hierapolis, iii.

188, note S.
BANCHOR, monastery of, iv. 309.
BAPTISK., ancient theory and practice

of, iii. 21; deathbed, how regarded

by the fathers, ib. note.
BARADÆUS, James, monk, revives and

gives the name of Jacobites to the

sect of Monophysites, vi. 54.
BARBARIANS introduced into the army

by Probus, ii. 47; their mutual
dissensions fomented by Diocletian,
74; he distributes the vanquished
among the Roman provinces, 75;
conversion of the, iii. 24, iv. 322,
324 ; its effects, 326 ; imbibed
Arianism, 327 ; converted from that
heresy, 337 ; laws of the, 364 sq.;

best collection of, 366, note M.
BARBABY, derivation of the name of

that country, vi. 351, note ; Moors

of, become Mahometans, 353.
BARBATIO, general, receives Gallus at

Petorio, ii. 393; marches to the
assistance of Julian in Gaul, 416 ;

treachery and retreat of, ib.
BARCHOCHEBAS rebels against Hadrian,

ii. 222.
BARCLAY, his 'Apology for the Quakers,'

ii. 188, note.
BARDANES assumes the purple and the

name of Philippicus, vi. 80 ; deposed,
80; prediction of an Asiatic prophet

BASIL.
ambassador from Andronicus Palæo-
logus the Younger to pope Benedict
XII., viii. 77; his instructions, 78;
his learning and lectures on Homer,
108 ; connection with Petrarch, ib.;

made a bishop in Calabria, 109.
BARMECIDES extirpated by Harun al

Rashid, vi. 405 ; probable motives

of that act, ib. note S.
BARONCELLI, tribune of Rome, viii.

245.
BARSUMAS, chief of the monks, votes

at the second council of Ephesus, vi.

25.
BARTHOLEMY, Peter, discovers the Holy

Lance, vii. 220; submits to a judg-
ment of God, and death, 222 and

noie M.
BARTULUS,

the civilian, a pensioner of
Charles IV., vi. 193.
Basil I., the Macedonian, emperor of

Constantinople, v. 95 ; not an Arsa-
cid, ib, note S.; early history of, 96 ;
bodily strength, 97; associated in
the empire by Michael III., ib.;
murders Michael, ib.; wise and glo-
rious reign, 98 ; publishes the Basi-
lics, 99; death, ib. ; genealogy of his
dynasty, 100, note S.; his legal re-
forms, vii. 45, note S. ; reduced by
Chrysocheir, the Paulician, to sue
for peace, 54; shoots three arrows
through Chrysocheir's head, ib.;
alliance with the emperor Lewis II.,

97.

to, 89.

Bardas, uncle of Michael III., a pro-

tector of letters, vii. 39; his school

at Magnaura, 40.
BARDas murdered by his uncle, the

emperor Michael III., vi. 197.
BARDS, Welsh, their legends neglected,

iv. 392 and note S.; protected by
the laws of queen Elizabeth, 398;

account of the, ib.
Bargus accuses his patron Timasius,

iv. 141.
BARHAM, or Babaram, v. Varanes.
BABI, conquest of, by the Greeks and

Latins, vii. 97 ; unsuccessful at-
tempts of the German emperors on,
99; besieged by Robert Guiscard,

114.
BABLAAM, Calabrian monk, attacks and

ridicules the monks of mount Athos
respecting the light of mount Thabor,
vii. 405; apostacy and flight, 406;

Basil II., emperor of Constantinople,

vi. 107; reduces the rebels Phocas
and Sclerus, ib.; overthrows the
Bulgarians, 108 ; penitence and
death, ib.; conquers the Bulgarians,
vii. 69 ; his horrible cruelty towards

them, ib.
Basil, archbishop of Cæsarea, trans-

actions with Valens, iii. 252; Gib-
bon's statement respecting, corrected,
ib. note S.; account of, 365; his
pride, 366; founder of the monas-

teries of Pontus, iv, 309.
Basil the Great, his canonical opistles,

iii. 36, note.
Basil, the monk, founder of the Gnostic

sect of Bogomites, burnt by Alexius

Comnenus, vii. 56 and noto.
Basil, St., Calabrian monks of, viü. 108

and note.
BASI, council of, proceedings against

pope Eugenius IV., viii. 93 ; city doo