3. Gladis (Gwladus), wife of Gwynllyw Filwr, and mother of S. Catwg or

Cadoc.

4. Guaur (Gwawr), wife of Elidr Lydanwyn, and mother of Llywarch Hen. 5. Gurycon Godheu (Gwrgon), wife of Cadrod Calchfynydd.

6. Hunyd (Nefydd), wife of Tudwal Befr.

7. Luan (Lleian), wife of Gafran, and mother of Aidan or Aeddan Fradog. 8. Marchel (Mechell), wife of Gwrin Farfdrwch of Meirionydd.

9. Meleri (Eleri), wife of Ceredig, and grandmother of S. David.

- 40. Nyuein (Nefyn), wife of Cynfarch Gul, and mother of Urien Rheged.

11. Tutglid (in quite the later lists Tudful and Tangwystl are confounded with her), wife of Cyngen, and mother of Brochwel Ysgythrog.

Daughters not mentioned as married :—

12. Belyau (possibly Felis of the Jesus MS., and Tydieu of the other lists). 13. Bethan (unidentified).

14. Kein (Ceinwen).

15. Keneython (Cynheiddon).

16. Kerdych (Ceindrych).

17. Clydei (Clydai).

18. Duyn (Dwynwen).

19. Eiliueth (Eluned).

20. Goleu (Goleuddydd).

21. Guen (Gwen).

22. Ilud (the Llud of the Jesus MS.).

23. Tibyei (Tybïe).

24. Tudeuel (Tudfil).

25. Tudhistil (Tangwystl, otherwise called Tanglwst).

We now give them as they occur in the various later lists:

Sons:

1. Arthen. Attlien in the Jesus MS.

2. Cadog. He is the Rydoch or Iudoc in Cogn. Vesp.; Ridoc in Cogn. Dom.; Reidoc in the Jesus MS.; Radoc in the Achau (No. 4).

3. Cai.

4. Cledwyn or Clydwyn.

5. Clydog or Cledog. The son of Clydwyn according to the Cognatio.

6. Cyflefyr or Cyflewyr.

7. Cynbryd.

8. Cynfran.

9. Cynin. No doubt Cunin Cof, the son of Brychan's daughter Hunyd (Nefydd), by Tudwal Befr.

10. Cynog. By Banadlined, daughter of a King of Powys.

11. Cynon, in the Jesus MS. Cogn. Vesp. has "Kynon qui sanctus est in occidentali parte predicte Mannie"; Cogn. Dom., Run ipse sanctus ycallet (sic) in Manan"; the Jesus MS., Runan yssyd yny (lle) a elwir Manaw."

12. Dingad.

13. Dogfan, Dogwan, or Doewan.

14. Dyfnan. Probably the Dustnon of Achau.

15. Dyfrig. By Eurbrawst (Iolo MSS., p. 119). He must not be taken for the well-known Dubricius or Dyfrig, who as we know from his Vita

was the son of Efrddyl, daughter of Pepiau, king of Erging, but his father's name is not mentioned.

16. Gerwyn or Berwyn.

17. Hychan.

18. Llecheu.

19. Mathaiarn. Marthaerun in Cogn. Dom.; Marcharairjun or Marcharanhun in the Jesus MS.; and Matheyrn in Achau.

20. Nefydd.

21. Neffei. Possibly the Dedyu or Dettu given in the Cognatio as son of Clydwyn. In Iolo MSS., p. 119, he is said to have been a son by Proistri, his Spanish wife.

22. Pabiali. Papai in the Jesus MS.

Son by Proistri (Iolo MSS., p. 119).

23. Pasgen. Son probably by Proistri (Iolo MSS., p. 119). 24. Rhaint or Rhain.

25. Rhawin.

26. Rhun or Rhun Dremrudd.

in Achau.

27. Syredigon. In

Drem Dremrud in the Jesus MS.; Rhevn

Succeeded his father as king, according to Cogn. Dom. Achau only.

2. Arianwen. The Wrgrgen of the Jesus MS. is a misscript for this saint's

name.

3. Bechan. Cogn. Dom.; the Bethan of Cogn. Vesp.; in none of the other

9. Cyneiddon. Only in Cogn. Dom. as Koneidon, and the Jesus MS. as Ryneidon.

10. Dwynwen.

11. Eiliwedd, Eluned, or Elyned. As Eliweet in Achau. The Almedha of Giraldus Cambrensis, but a misreading.

12. Eleri (properly Meleri, unrubricated). Meleri in Cogn. Dom. and the Jesus MS.; Elen in Achau. Daughter by Eurbrawst (Lewis Dwnn, ii, p. 64).

13. Enfail.

Of Merthyr Enfail. Her name has probably been evolved out of the Merthir Euineil of Cogn. Vesp., a misscript for Tutuul, i.e., the Tudful of Merthyr Tydfil.

14. Goleu.

Only in Cogn. Dom. as Gloyv, and Achau as Gole. as Goleuddydd.

The same

15. Goleuddydd.

16. Gwawr.

17. Gwawrddydd.

18. Gwen.

19. Gwenan.

20. Gwenddydd.

21. Gwenfrewi. Only in Iolo MSS., p. 140, and Achau.

22. Gwenlliw.

23. Gwladus.

24. Gwrgon. Grucon Guedu in Cogn. Dom., and Grugon in the Jesus MS.

As Marchell in Cogn. Dom., the Jesus MS., and Achau.

30. Nefydd. In Myv. Arch., p. 419; Hunyd in Cogn. Vesp.; Nunidis in

Cogn. Dom.; Goleuddydd in the Jesus MS.

31. Nefyn. The Nyuen of Cogn. Dom.

32. Rhiengar or Rhiengan.

Keyngair in Cogn. Dom., Kingar in the Jesus

MS., and Kyngar in Achau.

33. Tanglwst or Tangwystl. Taghwystyl in the Jesus MS.; probably the Tutbistyl of Cogn. Dom.

34. Tudfyl. The Tuglit of Cogn. Dom., and Gutuyl of the Jesus MS. 35. Tudwen.

36. Tybïeu or Tybie.

37. Tydieu or Tydeu.

Nicholas Roscarrock, in his MS. Lives of the Saints, on the authority of MSS. possessed by Edward Powell, priest, gives another list as follows:

Sons:

1. Cenawcus, Martyr. The Cynog of the Cognatio.

2. Cladwin, and (3) Cledwin, "whoe conquered South Wales, and had a great saint to his son, named Clydocus." He duplicates Cledwyn, the Clytguin of Cogn. Vesp.

4. Cifliver.

The Chybliuer or Cyflewyr of the other lists.

5. Berwin. This is Berwyn or Gerwyn, the son of Brynach Wyddel and grandson of Brychan.

6. Maethiarn. Occurs in Cogn. Dom. A saint of Cardiganshire.

7. Cinan. The Cynon of Cogn. Vesp., and son of Arthen in Cogn. Dom. 8. Kembrit. The Cynbryd of the later lists. A martyr at Bwlch Cynbryd, Llanddulas.

9. Cimfram.

In the later lists Cynfran, founder of Llysfaen, Denbighshire. 10. Hichan. In the later lists. The saint of Llanychan in the Vale of Clwyd. 11. Diffrig. In the later lists.

12. Cain, a Martyr. This is the Cai of the Iolo MSS. pedigrees.

13. Allecheu.

The Llecheu of the later lists. Of Llanllecheu in Ewyas. 14. Dingad. Cogn. Vesp. He was father of Pasgen according to Cogn. Dom. 15. Cadocus, the Rydoch of Cogn. Vesp.

16. Rawn or Rohun. The Rein of Cogn. Vesp., otherwise called Rhun Dremrudd. Succeeded his father as king. See also 25.

18. Difnan. In the later lists. Founder of Llanddyfnan in Anglesey.

19. Anewi.

Possibly Neffei.

20. Paball. In Cogn. Vesp. and Dom. Papay; in the later lists Pabiali. 21. Ridorch, and (22) Rodorch, the same duplicated, the Rydoch of Cogn.

Vesp.

23. Caradocus. This is Caradog Freichfras, great-grandson of Brychan, by his granddaughter Gwen of Talgarth.

24. Helim, the Helye or Helic of Leland and William of Worcester. 25. Run.

The same as Rawn, No. 16.

26. Japan. Not recorded elsewhere.

27. Doguan. The Dogfan of the later lists. A martyr at Merthyr Dogfan, in Pembrokeshire; founder of Llanrhaiadr ym Mochnant.

28. Auallach. A mistake of Roscarrock, who has inserted the father of Brychan among his sons.

29. Lhoiau. Possibly the Llecheu of the later lists.

30. Pashen. Paschen in Cogn. Vesp. Son of Dingad, according to Cogn. Dom.

31. Idia.

32. Io.

Not found elsewhere.

The Iona or Ioannes of Leland and William of Worcester.

Daughters :

1. Gladus, i.e. Gwladys, in all lists. Wife of Gwynllyw and mother of Catwg. 2. Gwawr. In all lists. Wife of Elidr Lydanwyn and mother of Llywarch

Hen.

3. Eleri. The Meleri of Cogn., but Eleri in later lists; wife of Ceredig. 4. Arianwen. In all lists.

5. Triduael. The Tudeuel of Cogn. Vesp. Martyr at Merthyr Tydfil. 6. Winifred," called in some coppies Gurgon." The Gwenfrewi of one list of Brychan's daughters, in which Gwrgon also occurs (Iolo MSS., p. 140). 7. Cindreth, "of some Mechel," i.e. Marchell or Mechell, wife of Gwrin Farfdrwch (Cogn. Vesp.). Her name, however, matches Ceindrych of the later lists.

8. Newin, i.e. Nyuein or Nefyn, wife of Cynfarch Gul, and mother of Urien Rheged.

9. Neuidh, the Hunyd or Nunidis of Cogn., wife of Tudwal Befr, and mother of Cynin.

10. Gleian, i.e. Luan or Lleian, wife of Gafran, and mother of Aeddan Fradog. II. Macella. See 7.

12. Roscarrock omits this name; was probably unable to read it.

13. Gweadhydh, "in some coppies Gwawardhydh, the mother of Kenedir." The Gwenddydd of the later list. The mother of Cyndir was Cein

gair (Rhiengar).

14. Goliudhed. The Goleu or Goleuddydd of the other lists.

15. Meldada, mother of Cinfinn," not identified.

16. Keingir, "mother of St. Kenedar." The Ceingair (Rhiengar) of the

17. Gwen,

other lists.

mother of Sannan, the wife of Malgo Venedoticus." Gwen of Talgarth was granddaughter of Brychan, and wife of Llyr Merini. Cogn. Vesp. gives Sanan as daughter of Tudglid, wife of Cyngen. 18. Cenelin. The Cyneiddon or Cenedlon of the lists.

19. Clodfaith, probably Clydai. Clotfaith occurs once in the Welsh lists (Myv. Arch., p. 426), where she is confused with Gwen of Talgarth. 20. Hawistle, and (30) Hudwistle, reduplications of Hawystl or Tangwystl and Tutbistyl (Cogn. Dom.).

21. Towen. A blunder for Gwen.

22. Tibies, i.e. Tybïeu. Martyr at Llandebie.

23. Enuael.

The Enfail of the later lists. Probably a mistake for Tudful (Tydfil).

24. Elinedh, I whom Giraldus calleth Almedha."

25. Elida, the Ilud of Cogn. Vesp. and Llud of the Jesus MS. She is called Juliana by Leland and William of Worcester.

26. Tideu. The Tydeu or Tydieu of the later lists.

27. Diganwen, and (28) Dwinwen, "July 13," are Dwynwen. January 25th is Festival of S. Dwynwen; July 13th, of S. Dogfan or Doewan. 29. Conoin, no other than Ceinwen, or Cain, the celebrated S. Keyne. 30. See 20.

31. Malken. Probably Mechell or Marchell.

There is a Life of S. Ninnocha, or Gwengastle, a saint of Brittany, contained in the Cartulary of Quimperlé, that states she was a daughter of Brychan, and that her mother's name was Meneduc :—

Quidam vir nobilis fuit in Combronensia regione, Brochan nomine, ex genere Gurthierni, rex honorabilis valde in totam Britanniam . . . Ipse Brochanus accepit uxorem ex genere Scottorum, filiam Constantini regis, ex stirpe Juliani Caesaris, Meneduc nomine.

1

The Life was written in 1130, and is of little value. It teems with blunders. The regio Combronensia is probably Cambria, and not Cumbria or Cumberland, as Mr. Egerton Phillimore supposes. 1 The Gurthiern to whom Brochan is akin is described in the Life of that saint, in the same Cartulary, as son of Bonus, son of Glou (Glywys), and traced back to Outham (Eudaf ?), son of Maximus (Macsen Wledig).

The wife from the Scots, or Irish, is a daughter of Constantine. The writer of the Life lived in the twelfth century, when it was forgotten that Scot signified Irish: and, as he knew that there had been a Constantine of Scotland, he made Brychan marry a daughter of the King of Alba of that name. In the Life, S. Patrick sends Germanus to the court of Brochan, but he is also visited by S. Columcille from Hy. The Germanus who did go to Wales died Bishop of Man in 474 (not he of Auxerre, who died 448), and S. Columcille in 598. Brychan can hardly have lived later than 500; consequently, we have here a pretty confusion. Brychan's wife Meneduc, and his daughter Gwengastle, or Ninnocha, are unknown to the Welsh.

These various lists by no means exhaust the number of children attributed to Brychan by the Welsh; e.g. in the Demetian Calendar 2 four more are mentioned two sons, Gwynan and Gwynws; and two daughters, Callwen and Gwenfyl.3

4

3

Brychan is said to have had three wives. In Cogn. Vesp. their names are given as Prawst, Rhibrawst, and Proistri; and in Cogn. Dom. as Eurbrawst, Rhybrawst, and Proestri. The last-named is elsewhere given as Peresgri and Prosori.5 It is stated in the Iolo MSS. that Rhybrawst, his first wife, was his cousin, being the daughter of Meurig ab Tewdrig. Eurbrawst was "a daughter of a prince of Cornwall" by an emperor of Rome."7 Proistri, his third wife, was a Spaniard.8

According to Welsh hagiology, Brychan's family forms one of the Three Saintly Tribes of Britain, the other two being those of Cunedda 1 Y Cymmrodor, xi, p. 100.

2 Denoted S.

3 Among other names and forms occurring in Peniarth MSS. 74, 75, and 178, are the following: Sons-Avallach, Kaian, Kain, Heilin, Lloyan, Llonio, Pabal, Rydderch; Daughters-Keindec, Clodfaith, Goleuvedd, Gwenllian, Tudwystl. In the Calendars in Peniarth MSS. 187 and 219 and Llyfr Plygain of 1618, against November 1, we have another daughter, Gwenrhiw.

4 Another Prawst was wife of Einion Yrth, the son of Cunedda. Another compound, Onbrawst, occurs.

5 Myv. Arch., p. 418; Iolo MSS., pp. 118, 119.

6 P. 147; on p. 119 she is said to have been Eurbrawst.

7 Dwnn, Heraldic Visitations, ii, p. 64.

8 Iolo MSS., p. 119.