S. DEDYW, Confessor

In the two versions of the Cognatio de Brychan are mentioned as sons of Clydwyn, the son of Brychan, "Clydouc sanctus et Dedyu sanctus" (Vesp. A. xiv), and "sancti Clydauc et Dettu" (Dom. i). In Jesus College MS. 20 they appear as "Clytawc sant, Hedetta sant." The Dedyn or Neubedd, and daughter Pedita, children of Clydwyn as given by Rees,1 are misreadings-Pedita being manufactured out of Hedetta, which simply stands for ha Dettu, and Dettu"; and Neubedd is another name introduced, which occurs also as Neufedd.

There can be no manner of doubt that we have here the name of the real patron of Llanddetty, or, as it is now generally spelt, Llanthetty, in Breconshire. Rees and others say that the church is dedicated to "Tetta, abbess of Wimburn (Wimborne) in Wessex, about A.D. 750,' ," 3 but this is a mere guess. In a will, proved 1533, in Harley Charter 111. B. 35, it is called the Church of S. Dettutus,1 a Latinization of his name.

No doubt he was the same person as the Detiu whose name occurs in the Cartulary of Llancarfan as one of Cadoc's three clerics who witnessed the grant of a church by him to his Irish disciple Macmoil.

S. DEGWY, see S. TEGWYN

S. DEGYMAN, see S. DECUMAN

S. DEIFER, see S. DIHEUFYR

S. DEINIOL or DANIEL, Abbot, Bishop, Confessor THERE is extant a Latin Life of S. Deiniol or Daniel, but it has 1 Welsh Saints, pp. 143, 146.

2 So spelt in the parish list circa 1566 in Peniarth MS. 147 and in the list in Myv. Arch., p. 747; Llanddettuye in a bond dated 1566 in Harley Charter 111, In the Taxatio of 1291 (p. 273) it is spelt Landetten.

B. 39.

3 P. 322; Theo. Jones, Brecknockshire, ed. 1898, p. 427. The first and last letters of Tetta are fatal to the equation of the name with that of the patron of Llanddetty. Whether we adopt the MS. d ort as the middle dental of his name, accented d becomes t in the Gwentian dialect.

* Catalogue of MSS. relating to Wales in Brit. Mus., by Mr. Edward Owen,

P. 592.

* Cambro-British Saints, p. 88, and the corrected text of the Cadoc records in Dr. Seebohm, Tribal System in Wales, 1895, p. 207.

never been published. Only one copy of it is known, which occurs in Peniarth MS. 226, and was transcribed from an "ancient MS. by Sir Thomas Williams, of Trefriw, in 1602. It is entitled Legenda novem lectionum de S. Daniele Ep'o Bangoriensi.1 A poem, written in 1527, by Sir David Trevor, parson of Llanallgo, of which there is a copy in Cardiff MS. 7, also gives a few details. is known of him is of a very fragmentary character.

The little that

Deiniol was the son of Abbot Dunawd Fwr or Dinothus, son of Pabo Post Prydyn, by Dwywai, daughter of Lleenog. He is often called Deiniol Wyn, the Blessed. He was the brother of SS. Cynwyl and Gwarthan, and the father of S. Deiniolen; but his wife's name is nowhere mentioned.

Pabo and his family, having lost their territories in North Britain, retired to Wales, where they were well received by Cyngen ab Cadell Deyrnllwg, king of Powys, who granted them lands, and whose son and successor, Brochwel Ysgythrog, married Arddun, Pabo's daughter. His son Dunawd, embracing the religious life, founded the monastery of Bangor in Maelor, otherwise Bangor Iscoed, on the Dee, with the assistance of Cyngen, who, as well as Brochwel, generously provided for it, and it remained, we are told, during its brief existence "under the protection of the race of Cadell." 3

The late Glamorgan hagiological documents printed in the Iolo MSS. state, for the glorification of Cadoc, that Dunawd's three sons were disciples of Cadoc at Llancarfan, and that he sent them to be "directors and principals " of Bangor in Maelor, "and in consequence of the wisdom and piety of these three brothers it became the most honourable and numerous its saints of all the Bangors in Britain." It is likely enough that they assisted their father in its foundation.

Deiniol, however, does not appear to have remained long at Bangor in Maelor. He left Powys for Gwynedd, where he founded the monastery of Bangor in Carnarvonshire, under the patronage of Maelgwn Gwynedd, who largely endowed it with lands and privileges, and, it is said, raised it to the rank of an episcopal see, conterminous,

1 See Dr. J. G. Evans, Report on Welsh MSS., i, pp. 1051–2, where the beginning and the end of the Legenda are printed. So far we have not been able to get a copy of it. Deiniol's name, like a few other Hebrew names adopted at an early period, bears a duly naturalized Welsh form. The oxytone Aavýλ yielded in earlier Welsh Deinioel, becoming later Deiniol.

2 Peniarth MSS. 16 and 45, Hafod MS. 16, Hanesyn Hên, pp. 25, 113, Myv. Arch., p. 423, Iolo MSS., pp. 102, 127. The later genealogies give his mother as daughter of Gwallog ab Lleenog ab Llyr Merini.

3 Iolo MSS., p. 126.

4 Ibid., pp. 129, 151.

5 Deiniol's name occurs among the witnesses of the grant by Maelgwn to

327

as to-day, with the principality of Gwynedd. Here Deiniol spent the remainder of his days, as abbot and bishop.

It is stated in the Book of Llan Dâv that Deiniol was consecrated bishop of Bangor by Dubricius. A note of later date among its marginalia, however, says that it was Teilo that consecrated him, and that thus the see became subject to the archbishopric of Llandaffa preposterous assertion. Rees 2 was of opinion that he was probably consecrated by S. David, as there was reason to assert that he and his relatives had lived for some time under the protection of that Saint at Llanddewi Brefi, where churches still retained their names." He was apparently not aware of the Llandaff claim. We know but little of Bangor in Arfon, or Bangor Fawr, as compared with some of the other Welsh monastic foundations. Some of the sons of Helig ab Glannog were saints or monks of it; and on the destruction of Bangor Iscoed by Ethelfrid in 607 or 613 some of the monks that escaped came hither. Deiniol is said to have been succeeded by his son Deiniol the Younger; and the next bishop whose name is known was Elfod "Bishop of Caergybi," who removed his palace to Bangor Deiniol." 3 He is styled Archbishop of Gwynedd, and died in 809.

Deiniol was present at the Synod of Brefi, which took place some time before 569, probably in 545. It is represented that it was convened to put down Pelagianism, but what we know of the canons passed by the Welsh Church at this time shows that there was no concern felt about any heresy affecting the Church; what was under consideration was penitential regulations. No agreement having been come to by the Synod, Paulinus advised that S. David should be sent for; he knew his worth and force of character. But the messengers despatched failed to induce him to come. At last Deiniol and Dyfrig went, and they succeeded in overcoming his scruples, and brought him with them.4

Sir David Trevor, in his poem, speaks of Deiniol as one of the seven blessed cousins," 5 who had spent part of his early life as a hermit "on the arm of Pembrokeshire," but God called him to be a bishop, deficient though his education was. He performed many miracles. Thieves stole a ploughman's oxen; Deiniol yoked stags in their stead, and made the thieves "lie upon the ground like stones."

Kentigern in the Red Book of S. Asaph (p. 119) in the Episcopal Library at S. Asaph. 3 Iolo MSS., p. 127.

1 Pp. 71, 337.

2 Welsh Saints, p. 259.

4 Vita S. David in Cambro-British Saints, p. 137.

5 For their names see Ibid., p. 271, and Myv. Arch., p. 423.

A woman had taken poison; she drank of the water of his well, and immediately threw up "numberless worms." The Latin Legenda says that she was a woman of Caerwy, or Carew, in the neighbourhood of Pembroke, for whom physicians could do nothing. She came to the Church of S. Daniel, on the mountain, and, after drinking of the water of the well, returned to the door of the Church, and before all ex ore suo ejecit tres vermes horribiles cum quatuor pedibus in singulis."

Deiniol received a somewhat extensive cult, especially in North Wales, to judge from the impress his name has left upon the topography. The Churches themselves dedicated to him are not many, and their distribution does not help one to ascertain the probable extent of his Diocese, on the principle adopted by Rees. He is the patron of the Cathedral Church of Bangor and also of the Diocese. The only memorial of him at Bangor Iscoed is Cae Ffynnon Daniel, mentioned in Norden's Survey, 1620, as the name of a field in that parish. Hawarden Church has two dedication festivals, the one on December 10, S. Deiniol's Day, and the other on September 14,1 the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, the latter probably in reference to the tenth century local legend of the Roodee. There is a place in the parish still called Daniel's Ash. To him is also dedicated the Church of Marchwiel, near Wrexham It is given by some as dedicated to S. Marcella (September 5, Browne Willis) or S. Marcellus, but these are mere guesses from the name. There is a tenement, of some fifteen acres, near the Church, called Tyddyn Daniel, purchased in 1626, and its rental is applied to "the repair and use of the Church" (terrier, 1749). Browne Willis says that the church was formerly called S. Daniel's chapel, and belonged to the mon astery of Bangor, and after its destruction took the present name, from the materials of which the former Church was built 2_i.e., marchwiail, saplings. Worthenbury, in Flintshire, which until 1689 was a chapelry belonging to Bangor, is dedicated to Deiniol.3 Το him are also dedicated the churches of Llanuwchllyn and Llanfor, near Bala, in the diocese of S. Asaph. It is said that the former was at some remote time called Llanddeiniol uwch y Llyn, and the

1 The wake was held on the first Sunday after Old Holy Cross, usually the first Sunday in October (Memoir of Hawarden Parish, Chester, 1822, p. 75). Edward Lhuyd in his Itinerary, 1699, says under Hawarden, "Wakes abt. 15 Sept." The S. Deiniol's Library and Residence at Hawarden was founded and endowed by the late Mr. W. E. Gladstone for the promotion of Divine Learning. 2 Quoted by Archdeacon Thomas, Hist. of Diocese of S. Asaph, 1908, i, P. 454. This derivation is on a par with the dedications of the church given above. * Browne Willis, Bangor, p. 359, gives it as S. Dinoth.