with the Carlovingian family, 156; donations of Pepin and Charlemagne to, 159; forgery of the donation of Constantine, 161; transfer the em- pire to Charlemagne, 166; admoni- tion to on their accession, 168, note; average length of reign, ib.; their dexterous use of the quarrels of the Carlovingians, 178; method of their election and authority of the em- perors, 181; their abasement and indigence in the ninth and tenth centuries, 182; acquiesced at first in the Greek doctrine of the procession of the Holy Ghost, vii. 279; their authority in Rome, viii. 188; dona- tion of Constantine, ib.; appeals to, 189; election of, 211; absence of from Rome, 213; origin of the papal schism, 214; temporary return of Urban V. to Rome, 249; final return of pope Gregory XI., 250; great schism of the West, 253; negociations for a union, 254; of Rome and Avignon, deposed by the council of Pisa, 255; three popes, ib.; election of Martin V. by the council of Constance, and restoration of the popes to the Vati- can, 256; acquire the absolute do- minion of Rome, 262; merits and defects of their government, 264; power over the public buildings, 274 and note M.
POPPEA, Nero's mistress, ii. 236. POPULATION of Rome, iv. 87, 89; va-
rious modern computations of, ib. note S.; writers on, ib. 90. PORCARO, Stephen, his conspiracy at Rome, viii. 260; execution, 261. PORCELAIN, Chinese, whether known to the Romans, iv. 79, notes. PORPHYRIANS, the Arians so called, iii. 64.
PORPHYRIO, the celebrated whale of the Propontis, v. 78.
PORPHYRIUS OPTATIANUS, panegyric of, ii. 352 and note.
PORPHYROGENITE, meaning and appli- cation of that term explained, vi.
PORPHYRY, neo-Platonist, ii. 104; his Life of Plotinus, ib. note; his treatise against the Christians, 266, note. PORSON, Settled the controversy re- specting 1 John v. 7, iv. 335, note M. PORTO, present state of, viii. 210.
PORTORIA, or customs, i. 295, note S.; re-established by Augustus, 298 and note S.; rate, ib.
PORTUGUESE persecute the Nestorian Christians of Malabar, vi. 52; their expedition to Abyssinia, 64.
POSIDES, eunuch of Claudius, ii. 386, note.
POSTHUMUS, general of Gallienus, his victories over the Franks, i. 391; murdered by his troops at Mentz, ii. 18.
POSTS and post-houses under the em- pire, i. 188.
PREFECTS of Rome and Constantinople, ii. 312; equal in dignity to the Prætorian præfects, 313; Augustal of Egypt, 314.
PRÆFECTUS MORUM, what, i. 204, note S. PREJECTA, niece of Justinian, her marriage with Artaban prevented by Theodora, v. 226. PRÆPOSITUS, or chamberlain, under Constantine, functions of, ii. 326. PRETEXTATUS, proconsul of Achaia, obtains from Valentinian toleration for the Eleusinian mysteries, iii. 249 ; tranquillises the disturbances occa- sioned at Rome by the schism of Donatus and Ursinus, 256; jest of to Damasus, ib.; his honours and titles, ib. note.
PRÆTORS, Roman, reduction of thei: number and power, ii. 312; legisla tive power of the, v. 265 and note W.; often abused, 267. PRÆTORIAN bands, or city cohorts, i. 154; their origin, 241; numbers, ib. and note; camp, 242; site of, ib. note S.; their power, 242; dona- tives to, ib.; claim to be the Roman people, 243; sell the empire, ib.; dread the Pannonian legion, 250; disgraced by Severus, 252; remo- delled and increased by him, 260; pay, 273; Gibbon corrected, ib. note G.; murder Ulpian, 290; Gibbon corrected, ib. note W.; besieged by the people, 322; weakened and re- duced by Diocletian, ii. 92; their desperate resistance against Con- stantine, 132; suppressed by him, 134.
PRETORIAN prefects, office of, i. 260; progress of, ib. note S.; civil func- tions, ib. 261; their civil and military
PRAGMATIC SANCTION.
power, ii. 310; deprived of the latter by Constantine, ib.; increased to four, ib.; their civil functions, 311; salary, ib. and note; no appeal from, ib.; had no jurisdiction in Rome and Constantinople, 312; table of their provinces, 315, note S.; prerogatives of, 316; gradual degradation of that office, v. 65, note M.
PRAGMATIC SANCTION of Justinian for the settlement of Italy, v. 241, 242,
PRAXAGORAS, Life of Constantine, ii. 126, note.
PRAXEAS, heresy of, iii. 52 and 53,
note; confuted by Tertullian, ib. PRAXITELES, Sculptures of destroyed
by Belisarius in his defence of Rome, v. 139; excelled in fauns, ib. note. PREACHING, introduction and freedom of, iii. 37; abuse of, 38. PRECEDENCY, severe law of Gratian against the infringement of, ii. 304, note; rules of, 305, note. PREDESTINATION, doctrine of, taught in
the Koran, vi. 224-247; its influence on the courage of the Saracens, ib. PREROGATIVES, imperial, i. 204; aug- mented by Severus, 262. PRESBYTERS, institution of, ii. 191. PRESENTS, Roman, to foreign kings, ambassadors, &c., i. 386 and note. PRESIDIUS despoiled by Constantine, governor of Spoleto, v. 149. PRESTER JOHN, story of, vi. 49 and note; his skull enchased in silver by Zingis, viii. 3; monarchs of the Keraites so called ib. note S. PRIESTHOOD, pagan, hereditary succes-
sion of in various nations, iii. 30, note; partly elective among the Druids, ib.
PRIESTLEY, Dr., tendency of his opi-
nions, vi. 62, note and note M. PRIESTS, pagan, their tricks, iii. 419. PRIMOGENITURE, prerogative of, un- known to the Romans, v. 307. PRINCE of the Waters, Persian officer, his functions, v. 184 and note. PRINCEPS JUVENTUTIS, what, i. 151, note S.
PRINCEPS SENATUS, nature of that title,
i. 197 and note S.; the emperor Tacitus so called, ii. 35, note. PRINCIPLES, two, doctrine of, i. 334. PRINTING, ancient use of by the Chinese, v. 62.
PRISCA, wife of Diocletian, put te death by Licinius, ii. 138; her cou version to Christianity, 264. PRISCILLIAN, bishop of Avila, put to death with some of his sect by Maximus, iii. 374; account of his heresy, 375.
PRISCUS, Thrasea, i. 270.
PRISCUS accepts the purple from the Goths, i. 383.
PRISCUS, engineer, i. 256 and note. PRISCUS, the historian, conversation with a renegade Greek in the camp of Attila, iv. 204, 209; probably a pagan, ib. notes.
PRISCUS, general of the emperor Maurice, his successes against the Avars, v. 381.
PRIULF, Gothic leader, his character, iii. 355; slain by Fravitta, ib. PROBA, widow of the præfect Petro- nius, escapes from the sack of Rome with her daughter Læta and grand- daughter Demetrias, iv. 107. PROBOLE, Or Prolatio, Valentinian doctrine adopted by orthodox Chris- tians, iii. 51, note.
PROBUS, general of Aurelian, ii. 23, 25; opposes the usurpation of Flo- rianus, 40; his character and ser- vices, 41; elected emperor, respectful letter to the Senate, ib. victories over the barbarians, 43; mostly gained. in person, 44; de- livers Gaul from the Germans, ib.; invades Germany, 45; dictates a treaty, ib.; builds a wall from the Rhine to the Danube, 46; intro- duces barbarians into the army, 47; quells the revolt of Saturninus, 49; of Bonosus and Proculus, 50; triumph, ib.; military discipline, ib.; employed the troops in agricul- ture, 51; murdered, 52.
PROBUS, prætorian præfect, defends Sirmium against the Quadi, iii. 288. PROBUS, chief of the Anician family, honours and fortunes of, iv. 73; two sons of associated in the consular dignity, ib.
PROCESSION of the Holy Ghost from the Son as well as from the Father first established in the eighth coun- cil of Toledo, iv. 340 and note; con- troversy concerning, vii. 279. PROCESSIONS of the Greek emperors, vii. 22.
PROCHIRON, or legal manual of Basil I., account of, vii. 45, note S. PROCLUS, the quæstor of Justin, v. 37; prevents the adoption of Nushirvan, son of Cabades king of Persia, by Justin, 182.
PROCLUS, story of his renewing the ex-
pedient of Archimedes to burn the fleet of Vitalian, v. 71.
PROCLUS, the Platonist, account of, v.92. PROCONNESUS, isle, marble of, ii. 296. PROCONSUL, duties of, ii. 316, note. PROCOPIA, Consort of Michael I., her martial spirit, vi. 88. PROCOPIUS, kinsman and general of Julian, iii. 189; fails to join Julian at Ctesiphon, ib.; appointed by Jovian to conduct Julian's funeral, 225; regarded as the successor of Julian, 238; escapes the satellites of Valentinian and Valens, ib.; his adventures, ib.; how connected with Julian, ib. note; a pagan, ib.; seizes on Constantinople, 239; progress of his rebellion, 240; betrayed by his troops, 242; beheaded, ib. PROCOPIUS, father-in-law of Valens, ap- pointed to try Timasius, iv. 141. PROCOPIUS, the historian, account of the testament of Arcadius, iv. 150; fabulous account of Britain, 399; his character and writings, v. 39; occa- sion of his 'Edifices,' 40, fate of his works, ib. note; character of his 'Anecdotes,' 41 and note M.; enters the service of Belisarius, 100; his defence of archery, 102; his confes- sion of dishonesty, 129, note; his description of the temple of Janus, 140, note; mission into Campania, 146; estimate of the numbers de- stroyed by the inroads of the bar- barians, 172; escapes with Solomon from the rebellion at Carthage, 211; description of the desolation of Africa, 214; his medical skill, 254 and note; description of the plague under Justinian, ib. sq.; his sentiments concerning religion, vi. 35. PROCULIANS, legal sect of, v. 278. PROCULUS, revolt and character, ii. 50. PROFESSORS, Salaries of, i. 194, notes G. and W.
PROMOTUS, master general cf the infantry, his quarre! with Kufinus, banishment and death, iv. 3. PROPERTY-TAX, establishment of, i. VOL. VII.
294; history of, ib. note S.; Gibbon corrected, 298, note S. PROPERTY, right of, on what founded, v. 302; Roman laws respecting, 304; Gibbon's view developed and corrected, ib. note W. PROPHETS of the early Christian church, ii. 191; evil consequences and abo- lishment of, ib.; female, reproved by St. Paul, ib. note M.
PROPONTIS, Or Sea of Marmora, de- scribed, ii. 290; abounds in excellent fish, 292.
PROSTITUTES, taxation of, ii. 342; how and when abolished, ib. note G. PROTECTORS, Constantine's body-guard so called, ii, 330.
PROTERIUS, Successor of Dioscorus as
patriarch of Alexandria, murdered by the monk Timothy, the Cat, vi. 30. PROTESTANTS, their political views dif- ferent from those of the primitive Christians, iii. 8. PROTOSEBASTOS, title invented by Alexius Comnenus, vii. 18. PROTOSPATHAIRE, Byzantine officer, vii. 20.
PROTOSTRATOR, Byzantine officer, vii. 20.
PROTOVESTIARE, officer of the Byzantine
emperors, his functions, vii. 19. PROVINCES, Roman, described, i. 155, sq.; list of under Hadrian, 162, note S.; how governed, 172; dif- ference between the eastern and western, 174; how divided between the emperor and senate, 201 and note S.; division of under Constan- tine, ii. 314; two singular provisions for the government of, 316; gover- nors of not to be natives, ib.; Zeno's law respecting governors of, 317, note; numerous revolts of governors, 319.
PRUDENTIUS, his testimony as to the debate in the senate respecting Chris- tianity or Paganism, iii. 411 and notes.
PRUSA, Conquest of, by Orchan, son of the caliph Othman, viii. 23; the true æra of the Ottoman empire, ib. PRUSSIA, Conquest and conversion of i. 378, note.
PRUSSIANS invade Britain, iv. 389. PRYPEC, river, i. 380.
PSALMODY, when and by whom intro- duced, iii. 88 and notes.
PTOLEMAIS, v. Acre.
PTOLEMIES, library of, at Alexandria, iii. 417, notes.
PTOLEMY, Roman senator, heads a re- volt against Otho III., vi. 186. PUDENTIUS assists the Romans against Gelimer, Vandal king of Africa, v. 99.
PUGIONE, à, whether Cleander's title?
PULCHERIA, sister of Theodosius the Younger, her character and adminis- tration, iv. 161; effects the disgrace of the empress Eudocia, 166; pro- claimed empress of the East on the death of her brother, 218; executes the eunuch Chrysophius, 219; mar- ries the senator Marcian, ib.; death and canonization, 278 and note; sup- ports the cause of Cyril against Nes- torius, vi. 22.
PULE RUDBAR, or Hyrcanian Rock, v. 369.
PULLANI, or Poullains, name of the
descendants of the crusaders settled in Palestine, vii. 231 and note. PUNISHMENTS, Roman, v. 316; disuse of penal laws, 318; rigour of the Christian emperors, 322; capital, abolished by the emperor Calo- Johannes, vi. 119.
PURIM, Jewish festival of, ii. 223, note. PURPLE colour, Phoenician, described,
v. 56 and note; restricted to impe- rial use, ib.
PURPLE, or porphyry, ancient, nature of, vi. 101.
PURPLE CHAMBER of the Byzantine pa- lace, vii. 16.
PURPURIUS, his violence against Cæci- lian, iii. 43.
PYRRHIC dance, i. 148.
PYTHEAS, navigations of, i. 378, note.
QUADI Vanquished by M. Anto- ninus, i. 370; invade the Illyrian provinces, ii. 401; reduced by Con- stantius II., 402; oppressed by Mar- cellinus, iii. 287; who murders their king, ib.; they ravage Pannonia, 288. QUESTORS, revolution in the office of, ii. 327; their origin obscure, ib. note; Niebuhr's opinion, ib. note S. ; number, ib, note; imperial functions
RATIONARIUM IMPERII.
of, 328 and notes; office of sometimes filled by the heir-apparent, ib. QUINDECEMVIRS, functions of the, iii. 407.
QUINTIANUS, bishop of Rodez, iv. 358. QUINTILIAN brothers, their history, i. 225.
QUINTILIUS, brother of Claudius, at- tempts to seize the empire, ii. 9; suicide, ib.
QUINTUS CURTIUS, inquiry as to the age of, i. 324 and note, and note S. QUIRITES, soldiers disgraced by that term, i. 292; whether used by Al. Severus, ib. note S.
Qoss, a præ-Mahometan, preaches the unity of God, vi. 224, note S.
RACCA, palace of Harun al Rasbid, vi. 406 and note.
RADAGAISUS, or Rhodogast, leads the German emigration in the reign of Honorius, iv. 44; the god of war so called by the Slavonians, ib. note M.; forces how composed, 45; was a Slavonian, ib. note S.; date of his invasion of Italy, 46, note S.; be- sieges Florence, 47; threatens Rome, ib.; defeated by Stilicho, 48; put to death, 49; his execution justified, ib. note M.
RADIGER, king of the Varni, conquered and compelled to fulfil his promise of marriage by an Anglo-Saxon prin- cess, iv. 400.
RAHDI, the Abbasside, the last who de- served the title of caliph, vi. 422. RAINULF, count, leader of the Normans in Italy, vii. 104 and note G. RAMADAN, fast of instituted by Maho- met, vi. 233.
RAMON DE MONTANER, his History of the Catalan freebooters, vii. 384, notes G. and M.
RAMUSIO, his History of the Conquest of Constantinople, vii. 319, note. RANDO, a chief of the Alemanni, sur- prises Moguntiacum, iii. 259. RAPES, Constantine's Severe law against, ii. 143.
RASAPHE obtains the name of Sergio- polis, v. 375, note. RATIONARIUM IMPERII of Augustus, i 295 and note W.
RAVENNA, a naval station, i. 154; siege of by Maximian, ii. 116; account of its foundation and progress, iv. 41; becomes the residence of Honorius, 42; and seat of government, 43; siege of by Theodoric the Ostrogoth, v. 10; exarchate of, its limits, 348; conquered by Pepin and presented to the popes, vi. 159; limits, ib.; reclaimed by Charlemagne, 161; archbishops of rival the pope, ib.; exarch of murdered in a sedition respecting image- worship, 149; Greeks repulsed from, 150; exarchs restored, but with limited power, ib.; entry and expulsion of Liut- prand, 153; finally subdued by As- tolphus, ib.
RAYMOND, Count of Toulouse, engages in the first crusade, vii. 183; charac- ter, 198; march to Constantinople, 203; keeper of the holy lance, 221; incursion into Syria, 224 and note; declines to compete for the crown of Jerusalem, 228 and note S. RAYMOND, Count of Tripoli, his in- trigues with the Saracens, vii. 257 and note M.
RAYNAL, Abbé, mistake respecting Con- stantine's law about Christian slaves, iii. 23, note; erroneously attributes the suppression of Paganism to Con- stantine, 97.
RAZIS, Arabian physician, vi. 402. RECARED, son and successor of Leovi-
gild, first Catholic king of Spain, iv. 339; his two substantial arguments for orthodoxy, ib.; converts his king- dom to the Nicene faith; 340; em- bassy to pope Gregory the Great, ib. RECHIARIUS, king of the Suevi in Spain, defeated by Theodoric II., iv. 262; capture and death, 263.
RED SEA, only a part of the ancient Mare Rubrum, vi. 196, note; com- munication with the Nile by a canal, 339 and note S.
REFORMATION, Protestant, character of, vii. 59, sy.
REGINALD of Châtillon, his forays
against the Saracens, vii. 257; put to death by Saladin, 258 and note. REI OF RAGE, site of, v. 368, note. REIGNING, art of, Diocletian's remark on, ii. 100.
REINDEER in Germany, i. 351.
RELICS, progress of the worship of, iii.
428; forgeries of, ib. ; lucrative trade of the Latins in after the pillage of Constantinople, vii. 319; sale of by Baldwin II. to St. Louis, 342. RELIGION of the Roman people, i. 165 difference of a lawful ground of en- mity with the Arabs, vi. 353 and note. REMIGIUS, bishop of Rheims, converts and baptizes Clovis, iv. 351. RENNELL, Major, his maps and memoirs of Asia, v. 60, note.
RENATUS PROFUTURUS FRIGERIDUS, his character of Aëtius, iv. 221.
RENT of houses at Rome, iv. 88 and note. REPENTANCE, Christian doctrine of,
favoured conversions, ii. 182. REPUBLIC, Roman, that name confined to the Latin provinces after the division of the empire, iv. 137.
RES MANCIPI explained, v. 304 and note W.
RESPONSES and psalmody, introduction of, iii. 88.
RESTOM OF ROSTAM, the Persian hero, romance of, v. 185. RESURRECTION of the dead, frequent in second century, ii. 179; this test declined by Theophilus, ib.; Maho- metan doctrine of the, vi. 234. RETZ, Cardinal de, description of a con- clave, viii. 213, note.
REVENUE, total under Augustus, i. 297 and note S.
RHATIA described, i. 158.
RHAZATES, general of Chosroes II., de- feated and slain by the hand of Heraclius, v. 409.
RHEGINA COLUMNA, v. 348 and note. RHETORIC, study of congenial to a popular state, v. 90.
RHETRA, in Mecklenburg, temple of Radagaisus at, iv. 45, note M. RHINE, freezing of the, i. 351 and note M.; seven posts on established by Julian, ii. 421 and note; and Neckar, banks of fortified by Valentinian I., iii. 260 and notes.
RHODES, isle of, taken by Chosroes II., v. 293; colossus of, its fragments sold by the Arabians, vi. 328 knights of, their defence against the Turks, viii. 24; commanded by pope Gregory XI. to defend Smyrna, 26 note.
RHETEUM, city of, ii. 291. RHYNDACUS, river, i. 399.
« ForrigeFortsett » |