commissioned officer who acts under the quarter-master of a regiment.-Lance Serjeant, a corporal who acts as a serjeant in a company, but only receives the pay of a corporal. SE'RJEANTY (Law) a service which cannot be due to any lord from his tenant, but only to the king and queen; it is either grand or petit. Grand Serjeanty is where a man holds certain lands of the king, by the personal service of carrying his banner, or lance, leading his horse, &c. at his coronation.-Petit Serjeanty, where one becomes tenant to the King, by yielding him annually some small thing towards his wars, as a buckler, bow, arrow, &c. SERIES (Algeb.) a rank or progression of quantities, or terms, which usually proceed according to some certain law, as the series 1 + + + + + To, &c. 2 a r a2 or 1 + + + + + ÷ + †, &c. where the former is a geometrical series proceeding by the constant division by 2, or the denominators multiplied by 2;|| and the latter is an harmonical series, being the reciprocals of the arithmetical series, 1, 2, 3, 4, &c. where the denominators are increased by 1. Series are of different kinds, as-Ascending Series, in which the powers of the indeterminate quantity increase, as, 1 + ax + bx2 + c x2 + c x3, &c.-Descending Series, one in which the powers decrease, or else increase, in the denominators, which is the same thing as 1+ ax1 + b x¬2 + c x¬3, &c. or 1++ &c.-Circular Series, one denoting a series whose sum depends on the quadrature.—Continued Series, or fraction, vide Infinite Series.-Converging Series, one whose terms continually decrease, the successive sums of whose terms approximate, or always converge nearer to the ultimate sum of the whole series.-Diverging Series, one whose terms diverge continually, or that has the successive sums of its terms diverging. Determinate Series, one whose powers proceed by a determinate quantity, as 1 + 1/ +7 +,&c.; if the quantity be unity it is said to be determined by - unity.-Indeterminate Series, one whose powers proceed by an indeterminate quantity, as x.-Infinite Series, or continued fraction, a series which makes continual approaches to, and if infinitely continued would become equal to what is inquired after.-Recurring Series, vide Recurring.-Summation of Series, vide Summation. SE'RIOLA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 19 Syngenesia, Order 1 Polygamia Equalis. 1 1 22 23 Generic Character. CAL. common, simple.-COR. compound, imbricate; corollets hermaphrodite.-STAM. filaments five, capillary; anthers cylindrical, tubulous. PIST. germ ovate; styles filiform; stigmas two, reflex.— PER. none; seeds oblong; receptacle chaffy. Species. The species are perennials, as the-Seriola lavigata, Achyrophorus, seu Hieracium, Smooth Seriola.Seriola urens, seu Hypocharis, Stinging Seriola. SERI PHIUM (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 19 Syngenesia, Order 5 Polygamia segregata. Generic Character. CA.. outer perianth of five roundish imbricate leaflets; inner of five erect scariose leaflets.COR. one-petalled, funnelform. - STAM. filaments five, capillary; anther cylindrical. PIST. germ inferior to the corollet; style filiform; stigma sub-bifid. PER. none; seeds solitary, oblong. Species. The species are shrubs, as the Seriphium cinereum, Breynia, Artemisia, seu Abrotanoides.-Seriphium plumosum.—Seriphium fuscum, Heebe, Eupatorium, Abrotanoides, &c. SERMOUNTAIN (Bot.) another name for the Siler of SERO'SITY (Med.) or Serum, the thinner part of the blood. otherwise called Ophiuchi, 4; i. e. Serpens Ophiuchi, being grasped in the hands of Ophiuchus. According to the fables of the Greeks, it was mostly supposed to be the serpent killed by Hercules. Ptolemy reckons 18 stars in this constellation, Tycho 13, Hevelius 22, and the British Catalogue 64. Estatosth. Charac.; Ptol. Almag. 1. 7, c. 5. næus. SERPENTA'RIA (Bot.) the Aristolochia anguicida of LinSERPENTARIUS (Astron.) another name for Ophiucus. SERPE'NTES (Zool.) a name for the second Order of animals under the Class Amphibia, comprehending such as have a mouth breathing by the lungs only; hody tapering; neck not distinct; jaws dilatable, not articulate; no feet, fins, or ears; and motion undulatory; comprehending Crotalus, the Rattle Snake; Coluber, the Viper; Anguis, the Snake, &c. [vide Animal Kingdom] SERPENTINA (Bot.) the Plantago subulata of Linnæus. SERPENTINE (Chem.) a long winding worm, or pipe of lead or pewter, which is placed in a tub of water in the distillation of spirits. SERPENTINE Line (Geom.) the same as a Spiral Line. SERPENTINE Powder (Chem.) a weak sort of gun powder that is not corned, and will not keep long at sea. SERPENTINE Verses (Poet.) verses which begin and end with SERPENTINE (Bot.) vide Repandus. the same words; as ambo florentes ætatibus, Arcades ambo. SERPENTINUS (Min.) a genus of Talcose Earths; consisting of carbonate of lime, oxide of iron, and silica. SERPET (Mech.) a kind of basket. SERPHERA (Med.) a medicine which was formerly supposed capable of dissolving the stone in the human body. SERPICULA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 21 Monoecia, Order 4 Tetrandria. Generic Character. CAL. perianth very small.-COR. in the males, petals four; in the females, none.-STAM. in the males; filaments four, very short; anthers oblong.— PIST. in the females; germ inferior, ovate; style none; stigma none.-PER. nut cylindrical; seed single, oblong. Species. The species are the Serpicula verticillata et repens, natives of the East Indies. SERPI'GO (Med.) from serpo, to creep, because it creeps SERPULA (Con.) a genus of testaceous animals, Class Generic Character. CAL. common, oblong. COR. compound tubulous; proper one-petalled, funnel-form. STAM. filaments five; anther cylindrical, tubulous. PIST. germ ovate; style filiform; stigmas two, oblong, reflex. SERVICE (Ecc.) the form of public worship in the church, par- the extremity. This term is applied to the calyx in Hyper-ceeding upon a writ, and including in it the decision of SERROPA'LPUS (Ent.) a genus of Insects of the Lepidop- TO SERVE (Mil.) to do duty as an officer or soldier.-To rectness. TO SERVE a rope (Mar.) in French fourrer un cordage, to wind round spun-yarn, &c. by means of a mallet, to prevent it from being rubbed. SERVICE (Mar.) a term given to all sorts of stuff, whether of old canvas, mat, hides, spun-yarn, &c. when put round cables in order to preserve them from being chafed by the strain of the ship, or otherwise.-Mooring-service, that which is at the first splice when a ship is moored, and rides at one cable's length. SERVICE denotes also every sort of naval duty which is done by an inferior under the command of a superior; likewise the period of time employed in serving; whence "To retire from the service," signifies to quit the navy; but the phrase "To see service," is to be in actual contact with an adversary at sea, &c. SERVICE is moreover distinguished, both in the navy and army, into home and foreign.-Home service is the naval or military duty which is carried on within the limits of the united kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.-Foreign service, in opposition to home service, the duty done at any distant place, or on a foreign station.-Limited service, a prescribed period by law, at the expiration of which men enlisted under that provision are at liberty to return to their respective homes.-Hard service, a severe exercise of military duties while engaged immediately with the enemy. SERVICE (Polit.) any duty performed for the service of government.-Secret service, any service performed in a perfectly clandestine manner, as the gaining intelligence respecting the proceedings of a court, or the movements of an army, &c.-Secret service-money, the reward or compensation given for such secret services. SERVICE (Law) that duty which the tenant by reason of his fee or estate oweth unto the lord.-Personal service is that which is due by the person of the tenant, as homage and fealty.-Annual service is rent, suit to the court of the lord, &c. Accidental services are heriots, reliefs, &c. Services were likewise distinguished into free and base, intrinsic and extrinsic, &c. [vide Servitium] Bract. 1. 2; Brilt. c. 66. -Service of an heir, an old form of law in Scotland, pro SERVICEABLE (Mar.) an epithet for what is fit for use at sea, as serviceable stores, &c. SE'RVING-BOARD (Mar.) a small piece of board with a SE'RVIENT tenement (Law) an estate, in the Scotch law, SERVITIIS acquietandis (Law) a writ judicial for a man dis- SERVITORS of bills (Law) servants or messengers belong. SE'RUM (Chem.) from serus, late, because it is that which is separated from the rest of the substance, as, 1. Whey, or the remainder of the milk after its better parts have been taken away. 2. The yellow and greenish fluid which separates from the blood when cold and at rest.—Serum aluminosum, Alum Whey. SESAMOID (Anat.) sesamoidal. [vide Sesamoidea] SESAMOIDEA Ossa (Anat.) sesamoidal, or sesamoid bones ; little bones found at the articulations of the toes, so called from their supposed resemblance to the seeds of the se samum. SESAMOIDES (Bot.) the Cucubulus otites of Linnæus. - Species. Plants of this genus are annuals, and natives of the Indies and Africa, as the-Sesamum orientale, Digitalis, seu Schit-clu, Oriental Sesamum, or Oily-Grain.Sesamum indicum et luteum, &c. SESAMUM is also the name of the Tripsacum dactyloides. SE'SBAN (Bot.) the Eschynomene sesban of Linnæus. SE'SELI (Bot.) ir; the name of a plant among the ancients which deer are said to have eaten after they had their young, for the purpose of purifying themselves. Diosc. I. 3, c. 60; Plin. 1. 25, c. 8. SESELI, in the Linnean system, a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 2 Digynia. Generic Character. CAL. umbel universal rigid; partial very short; involucre universal none; proper perianth scarcely observable.-COR. universal uniform; florets all fertile; proper five-petalled.-STAM. filaments five, awlshaped; anthers simple.-PIST. germ inferior; styles two, distant; stigmas blunt.-PER. none; fruit ovate; seeds two, ovate. Species. The species are perennials, as the-Seseli montanum, Foeniculum, Meum, seu Saxifraga, Long-leaved Meadow Saxifrage.-Seseli glaucum, seu Daucus, Glaucous Meadow Saxifrage; but the--Seseli ammoides, seu Ammoides, and the Seseli annuum, Sium, seu Libanotis, Annual Meadow Saxifrage, are annuals. Bauh. Hist. ; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat. Bot.; Raii Hist.; Tournef. Inst. SESELI is also the name of different species, namely, of the Egopodium, Ethusa, Apium, Athamanta, Bupleurum, Carum, Charophyllum, Laserpitium, Ligusticum, Peucedanum, Phellandrium, Pimpinella, Selinum, Sium, and Tordylium. SE'SQUI (Geom.) a Latin term signifying literally as much. and half as much, which when joined with the words altera, tertia, quarta, &c. is an expression of a certain ratio, i. e. the second ratio of inequality, called also superparticular ratio, being that in which the greater term contains the less, and some certain part over, as 3:2, where the first term contains the second once, and unity over, which is a quota of 2. If the part remaining be just half the lesser term, the ratio is called sesquialtera, as 3:2; if it be a third part of the lesser term, as 4:3, it is called sesquitertia; if a fourth part, as 5:4, the ratio is called sesquiquarta, and so on continually, still adding to sesqui the ordinal number of the smaller term. These different kinds of triples are used in music as well as in geometry, as may be seen under the words Sesquialterate, &c. SESQUIA'LTER (Bot.) an epithet for a floret; flosculus sesquialter, a small abortive floret that accompanies a large fertile one, as in Aira villosa. SESQUIALTERATE (Geom.) vide Sesqui. SESQUIALTERATE (Mus.) the greater perfect, a triple in which the breve is three measures, or semibreves, without having any point or dot annexed to it. There is also a sesquialterate, or less. imperfect, in which the semibreve, when dotted, contains three minims, and when not dotted, two. SESQUI-DITONE (Mus.) a concord resulting from the sounds of two strings, whose vibrations in equal times are to each other in the ratio of 5 to 6. SESQUIDU'PLICATE ratio (Arith.) that in which the greater term contains the less twice and a half, as the ratio of 15 to 6, or 50 to 20. SESQUIQUADRATE (Astron.) an aspect or position of the planets when they are distant by four signs and a half, or 135 degrees.-Sesquiquintile, an aspect of the planets when they are distant of a circle and a half, or 108 degrees. SESQUITERTIONAL proportion (Geom.) that in which the greater contains the less once and one-third, as 4 to 3, or 12 to 9. SE'SSILIS (Bot.) sessile; an epithet for a leaf, a flower, and the pappus ; folium sessile, a leaf connected immediately with the stem or branch, without the intervention of a petiole, in opposition to the petioled leaf; flos sessilis, a flower which has no peduncle, as in Trallium sessile; pappus sessile, the pappus which, having no stipe, is immediately placed on the seed, in opposition to the stipitate. SE'SSION (Law) a sitting of justices in a court upon a commission, as the Sessions of Oyer and Terminer of Gaol Delivery, &c. [vide Commission] - Great Sessions of Wales, the Sessions held in Wales twice in every year in each county, by judges appointed by the King, in which all pleas, of real and personal actions, shall be held.-Sessions of the Peace, or General Quarter Sessions, are held in every county, once in every quarter of a year, before two or more justices of the peace, one of which must be of the quorum. The jurisdiction of this court extends to the trying of all felonies and trespasses whatever; but, as their commission provides that, in case any difficulty arises, they shall not proceed to judgment, but in the presence of one of the justices of the Courts of King's Bench or Common Pleas, or one of the judges of assize, the common practice is to try simple larcenies only.-Sessions for ordering servants, otherwise called Petty Sessions.-Statute Sessions, vide Statutum.-Sessions for Weights and Measures, held by four justices in the City of London, to inquire into all offences of selling by false weights, &c. SE'SSPOOL (Build.) or Cesspool, a well or deep hole sunk under the mouth of a drain for foul water, &c. SESTE'RTIUM (Ant.) a sum of money among the Romans, equal to about 8. 11s. 54d. English. [vide Moneta] SESTERTIUS (Ant.) a coin worth about one penny, three farthings, and three-fourths of a farthing. [vide Moneta] SE'STETT (Mus.) a composition, vocal or instrumental, consisting of six distinct parts. SESUVIUM (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 12 Icosandria, Order 3 Trigynia. Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved. COR. none.-STAM. filaments very many; anthers roundish. -PIST. germ oblong; styles three, erect; stigmas simple.-PER. capsule ovate; seeds roundish. Species. The single species is the Sesuvium portulacastrum, Portulaca, seu Halimus, a perennial. SET to Music (Mus.) an epithet for any lyric verse, &c. to which music is added. TO SET (Mar.) a term used on various occasions, as 1. To observe the bearings or situation of any distant object by the compass, in order to discover the angle, which it makes with the nearest meridian: thus, "To set the land or the sun by the compass," is to obverve how the land bears on any point of the compass, or on what point of the compass the sun is; also, when two ships sail in sight of each other, to mark on what point the chased ship bears, is termed "To set the chace by the compass." 2. It is employed with regard to the direction of the wind, current, or swell of the sea; but particularly the two latter, as the tide which sets to the south is opposed to a swelling sea setting to the north-west. 3. In regard to the sails or rigging, &c. "To set the sails," in French deployer les voiles, or, les mettre au vent, is to loosen and expand them, so as to force the ship through the water; or to accelerate her velocity when she is moving, in distinction from taking the sail in. "To set up the rigging," in French rider les haubans, &c. is to extend the shrouds, stays, and backstays, more firmly than before, for securing the masts, which is performed by the application of mechanical powers, as tackles, &c. TO SET (Astron.) vide Setting. SETA (Bot.) a bristle; a sort of pubescence, consisting of a strong stiff roundish hair. Linnæus also uses this word for the scape of the capsule of Mosses. SETA'CEUS (Bot.) bristle-shaped; an epithet for a leaf or leaflet which is the length and thickness of a bristle. SET-BOLTS (Mar.) iron pins for closing the planks of ships. SETHIANS (Ecc.) certain heretics branching from the Valentinians, who, among other absurdities, held that Cain and Abel were created by angels. SET-OFF (Law) a mode of defence, whereby the defendant acknowledges the justice of the plaintiff's demand on the one hand, but on the other sets up a demand of his own to counterbalance it, either in whole or or iemand part. The actions in which a set-off is now allowable are debt, covenant, and assumpsit. SETON (Surg.) an issue in the neck, when the skin is taken up and run through with a needle, so that the wound may be kept open with a skein of silk or thread. SETO'SUS (Bot.) bristly an epithet for a leaf or a receptacle, the surface of which is set with bristles. ce of which SETTEE (Mar.) a with two masts, equipped with triangular sails, commonly called lateen sails; the least of which are sixty tons burden. They are used in the Medi"terranean for transporting cannon, &c. SETTER (Gunn.) a round stick for driving fuses, or any other compositions, into cases paper. made of SETTER (Sport.) a dog trained for setting, i. e. stopping and pointing at the place where partridges are sitting. TO IS cut the dewlap of an ox or cow, by OSETTE set is made after the manner of a seton. SETTERWORT (Bot.) the Heleborus foetidus, a perennial. (Bo)n SETTIMA (Mus.) Italian for the seventh." SETTING (Astron.) the descent of a star or planet below the horizon, in distinction from the rising, [vide Astronomy] SETTING (Sport.) when a cock has fought till he is not able to stand, then he is set to the other back to back, and if he ow do not strike the battle is lost.Setting-Dog, vide Setter. -Setting down is said of a hawk when it is put into the mew. SETTLEMENT, Act of (Law) the name given to the statute 12 and 13 W. 3, c. 2, whereby the crown was settled on, and limited to, his present Majesty's illustrious house. Settlement of the Poor, the right which the poor acquire by residence, and other means of being considered as parishioners, and consequently of receiving parochial relief. SETTS (Mar.) signify any powers, such as screws, shores, &c. which are employed in mast-making, to bring or unite two pieces together. SEVENTH (Mus.) a dissonant interval, called by the Greeks heptachordon, because it is formed of seven sounds or six diatonic degrees. Of these there are four kinds; namely, the minor seventh, composed of four tones, and two major semitones; the major seventh, composed diatonically of five tones and a major semitone; the diminished seventh, consisting of three tones and three major semitones; and the superfluous seventh, containing five tones, a semitone major, and a semitone minor. SEVERAL action (Law) vide Action.-Several Covenant, a covenant by two or more severally, i. e. separately.Several Inheritance, an inheritance conveyed, so as to descend or come to two persons severally, by moieties, &c. Several Tail, is that whereby land is given and entailed severally to Several Tenancy, a plea or exception taken to a that is laid against two persons, as joint tenants, who are s several. two. SEVERALTY (Law) or estates in severalty, are such as are held by a person in his own right only, without any other person being joined or connected with him in point of interest, during his estate therein. SEVERANCE (Law) the separating or severing of two or more, joined in one writ or action. F. N. B. 78. Severance of corn, is the cutting or carrying it off from the ground: and sometimes the setting out the tithes from the rest of the corn. SEVERIANS (Ecc.) heretics who condemned marriage and eating of flesh. SEUIL D'ECLI'SE (Carpent.) French for a thick beam of wood laid crossways at the bottom of the water for the support of a floodgate.-Seuil de Pont-levis, a principal beam for bearing the weight or pressure of a drawbridge. SEUIL of the branches of a bridle (Man.) a nail turned round like a ring with a large head, made fast in the lower part of the branch called the garganille. SEVUM (Med.) a name among physicians for fat of any kind. SEVUM CETI (Zool.) the Physeter macrocephalus. ΤΟ SEW (Mar.) a term applied to a ship, which is said to be sewed when she comes to lie on the ground, or to lie dry. SEWARD (Law) or seaward; a Saxon word for one who guards the sea-coasts. SEWEL (Sport.) what is set or hung up to keep a deer out of any place. SEWEN (Ich.) a species of salmon. SEWER (Archaeol.) in French escuyer; an officer who placed the dishes on the table of the king. SEWER is also a fresh water trench, or little river encompassed with banks on both sides, for carrying the water into the sea, and thereby preserving the lands against inundations; and in towns the same term is applied to the drains, or trenches, which are made to convey away all superfluous water.-Clerk of the Sewers, an officer belonging to the commissioners of sewers.-Commissioners of Sewers, persons appointed by act of Parliament to see that canals, drains, ditches, and common sewers, be maintained, SEWET (Com.) vide Suct. SEXA GENARY (Arith.) an epithet for what relates to 60. -Sexagenary Arithmetic, vide Sexagesimal. Sexagenary Tables, are tables of proportional parts, showing the product of two sexagenaries that are to be multiplied, or the quotient of two that are to be divided. SEXAGE'SIMA Sunday (Ecc.) the sixtieth day before Easter. SEXAGE/SIMAL (Arith.) or sexagenary Arithmetic; a method of computation proceeding by 60ths, such as the division of a degree into 60 minutes, a minute into 60 se conds, &c.-Sexagesimals, or Sexagesimal Fractions, frac tions whose denominators proceed in a sexagecuple ratio, i. e. a prime, or the first minute; a second = and a third Sexagesimals were probably first used for the division into 360, or 6 times 60, making up the whole circumference of a circle, and equal to the 360 days which formed the year of the ancients. carp. SEXTA pars (Mus.) a name formerly given to the sixth part, which was sometimes added to a composition, the usual number being four; the two additional parts were usually distinguished by the names of the quinta pars and the sexta pars. SEXTAIN (Poet.) a stanza containing six verses. SEXTANS (Ant.) the sextant, or sixth part of any thing, as the Roman as, which being divided into twelve parts, or uncia, the quantity of two ounces was a sextans, or sixth part of a pound. SEXTANT (Astron.) the name given to a new constellation placed across the Equator, on the south side of the Ecliptic, formed by Hevelius of some stars that were not included in the old constellations. SEXTANT (Geom.) the sixth part of a circle, or an arc containing 60 degrees. SEXTANT (Mech.) an astronomical instrument constructed on the same principles as the quadrant, except that its arc is divided into 60° instead of 90°. SEXTA'RIUS (Ant.) a measure among the Romans, containing two cotyle, or hemina. SEXTARY (Archæol.) an ancient measure, containing about one pint and a half. Doomsd. Book; Mon. Angl. vol. 2. SE'XTARY-LANDS (Law) lands given to a church or religious house for the maintenance of the sexton or sacristan. SEXTILE (Astron.) an aspect of the planets when they are distant the sixth part of a circle, i. e. two signs, or 60 degrees; it is marked thus (*) SEXTON (Ecc.) an officer who digs the graves and assists the minister at funerals, &c. SEXTUPLE (Mus.) signifies in general sixfold; but is particularly applied to a mixed sort of triple time, which is beaten in double time, otherwise called compound common time. [vide Music] SEXUAL SYSTEM (Bot.) the system of botany formed by Linnæus for the distinguishing of plants according to their different parts of fructification. [vide Botany] SFORZATO (Mus.) an Italian term signifying that the note over which it is placed must be struck with force. SHA'BRACK (Mil.) a Hungarian term generally used among cavalry officers to signify the cloth-furniture of a troop-horse or charger. SHACK (Husband.) the feeding of hogs in corn-fields after harvest. U SHA'CK-BOLT (Her.) a charge in coat-armour, which is by some called a prisoner's bolt, as in the annexed example, "He beareth argent a shack-bolt, sable," by the name of Nuthall. SHACKLES (Mech.) a sort of fetters for malefactors in prisons, and also for animals that are apt to stray and break fences. SHACKLES (Mar.) a name given to the rings with which the ports of ships are secured by hooking the port-bars to them; also a sort of iron rings to hook tackles to. SHAD (Ich.) a fish of the herring tribe, the Clupea alosa of Linnæus. SHADDOCK (Bot.) the Citrus decumana of Linnæus, a shrub which produces a fruit resembling a lemon, but less in size. VOL. II. SHADOW (Opt.) or Shade, a certain space deprived of light; or where the light is weakened by the interposition of some opaque body before the luminary. SHADOW (Geog.) the inhabitants of the earth are divided with respect to their shadows into Ascii, Amphiscii, Heteroscii, and Periscii. [vide Ascii, &c.] SHADOWING (Paint.) the art of representing the various degrees of light and shade by means of a dark fluid or liquid. SHAFFA Sagittarum (Archaol.) a sheaf of arrows, being 24 in number. SHAFT (Archit.) from the Saxon Sceaft; that part of a column between the base and capital, it is otherwise called the fust, trunk, or body of a column,-Shaft of a chimney, the stone or brick turret above the roof. SHAFT (Bot.) a name formerly given to the style of a plant. SHAFT of a Mine (Min) a hole like a well, made by miners for the purpose of giving vent to the springs that rise in the mines. SHAFT of a Carriage (Mech.) the name of the pole or poles to which the harness of the horse is fastened that draws the carriage.-Shaft-bars are the two hinder ends. that fasten the two shafts together. SHAFT HORSE (Husband.) the horse that goes in the shafts of carts or waggons. SHAFTED (Her.) a term in blazon for a spear-head, which has a handle in it. SHAG (Orn.) a bird of the pelican tribe, the Pelicanus graculus of Linnæus. SHAGGY (Bot.) vide Hirsutus. SHAGREE'N (Mech.) a sort of rough-grained leather of which cases for watches, instruments, &c. are made. SHAKE (Mus.) an embellishment expressed by this character consisting of an alternate reiteration of two notes, comprehending an interval not greater than one whole tone, nor less than a semitone.-Shakes are sometimes double, that is, two shakes are given simultaneously on the same instrument, and by the same hand. SHAKE (Carpent.) a fissure or cleft in wood, occasioned by too great a heat or some natural defect, whence wood that is full of such clefts is said to be shaky or shaken. SHAKE'E (Com.) a coin in India worth about three pence sterling. SHA'LLOP (Mar.) a kind of bark or light sloop having SHAKERS (Bot.) the Briza media of Linnæus. only a small main-mast, fore-mast, and lug-sail to hale up and let down upon occasion. SHALLOT (Bot.) or shalot, in French eschalote, the Allium ascalonicum, a bulbous plant, and a small sort of onion used in sauces. SHALLOW (Geog.) a term synonymous with shoal. SHAMBLES (Com.) a place where butchers sit and sell meat. SHA'MMBRIE (Man.) a long thong of leather made fast to the end of a cane or stick, for the purpose of stimulating a horse. SHAMOIS (Zool.) vide Chamois. SHAMOY (Mech.) or Shammy, leather made of the chamois or wild goat. SHAMROCK (Bot.) a term in Ireland for the trefoil or three-leaved grass. SHANK (Mech.) the long part of any instrument, as the cylindrical part between the nozzle and foot of a candlestick, otherwise called the stem; so also the long beam of an anchor, &c. SHANK (Archit.) another name for the shaft of a column. SHANK of a Horse (Man.) that part of the fore leg that is |