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as before, ready for Two's. one hand must be used.

Only there are very many, require the player to do something with the Jack-stones while the Jack is thrown into the air, and they all require

4. Twos, Threes, and Fours. The same as ones, except that the Stones are picked up first two at a time; then three and one at a time; and then all four at a time.

5. The Stones are all taken in the hand and laid down, first one at a time, then two at a time, and so on, always while the Jack is in the air. Each time after all are laid down, they are picked up all at once.

6. Riding the Elephant. The four Stones are placed in a line, and with the Jack on the back of his hand the player traces a curved line in and out among them with his forefinger. At the end he tosses up the Jack, and picks up all the Stones before catching it, all with one hand.

7. Set the Table. Four Stones are placed in a heap, and one by one are set at the corners of a square, while the Jack is in the air.

"Horses in the Stable."

practice. Some of them can be mastered only after hours or even days of hard work. A game of Jack-stones between two or more persons is thus only a trial to see which is most perfect in the exercises.

History. Jack-stones is mentioned by the Greek poet, Aristophanes, as a girl's game more than two thousand years ago, and it has been a common amusement from that time to this. The illustration shows a Greek girl playing. The ancients

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Greek Girl Playing Jack-stones. played it with the knuckle-bones of sheep, and it is still so played in Europe, but in this country pebbles

or iron Jack-stones are commonly next. When the pile is gone, he used. In England it is called who has the most Straws wins. "Dibs." "Cockall" was an old name Sometimes the Straws are marked for it, and the French call it Osselets (little bones). Sometimes, also, it is played with marbles, and the jack is often of a different size or color from the rest. The name "Jack-stones is probably a corruption for "Chuck Stones." In Scotland small pebbles are called "chuckie-stanes.' In Germany it is called Handtopsen or Knöchelchen, and the Jack receives in various parts of that country different names,such as Hecker, Dopser, and Hopper.

with different numbers, and then at the close of the game each adds his numbers, and he who has the highest wins. The game is sometimes called Jerk-straws, and perhaps the common title is a corruption of this. The English often call it Spillikins, and the Germans Feder Spiel (the Pen Game). The French call Jackstraws Ionchets, or Honchets (from Joncher, to strew), and name particular pieces the King, the Queen, and the Knight. These are of different Oti-dama, or Japanese Jack-stones, shapes from the others, and being the game of Jack-stones played more difficult to extract from the with little bags about an inch and pile, count more than the common a half square, partially filled with straws, the King being valued at 20 rice. Some of the figures of Oti-points, the Queen at 10, and the dama differ from those of ordinary Knight at 5. Jack-stones. Seven bags are often JACOBY, a game of cards played used, and the Jack is sometimes by three persons with a full pack. made of a different shape. The Four hands are dealt, as in WHIST, name is in Japanese O-tédama, with a Dummy. The cards in from O te tama (The Hand-balls). Dummy's hand are sorted in seThe game is common in Japan, and quences, the highest first, beginpebbles also are used in playing it ning with Clubs, followed in order there, as with us. by Hearts, Spades, and Diamonds. JACK-STRAWS, a game played The cards are played as in WHIST, by any number of persons with little except that each player is for himsticks of ivory or wood of equal self. Dummy follows suit when he length, generally between four and can, always playing his highest six inches. Some of these sticks, card, and when he cannot follow called Jack-straws, and usually twenty to one hundred in number, are plain, and some carved to look like various objects, as weapons, tools, garden implements, and the like. The players sit around a table, and the one who begins takes up the Jack-straws in one hand, in a bundle, and then holding them upright and touching the table, suddenly lets go, so that they fall outward in all directions. Each in turn then tries to pull from the pile with a little hook, made for the purpose, as many of the straws as he can, one at a time, without shaking any of the others. If he shakes any Jack-straw ever so little, he must stop, and the turn passes to the

suit he plays the first card in his hand, arranged in the order described. He is never allowed to take a trick, and therefore never leads. If he play a card that would ordinarily take the trick, it goes to the next highest card played. The object is to get rid of the Jacks. Each trick counts one, but for each Jack taken a number must be deducted from the score. Thus, for the Jack of Clubs, 4 is deducted; for the Jack of Hearts, 3; for the Jack of Spades, 2; and for the Jack of Diamonds, 1. He who first makes

ten points wins the game.

JUSTICE IS BLIND, a game played by any number of persons, one of whom, representing Justice, is blind

folded. Justice is given a seat in ion of each. Whenever the opinion the middle of the room, and then a is correct, as decided by a majority second player leads up the players, of the company, Justice changes one by one, and asks Justice's opin-places with the person judged.

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Principle of Kaleidoscope.

KALEIDOSCOPE. The ordinary | appearing as the next dotted line. toy kaleidoscope is described in C. In the same way the reflections C. T. A large one, to furnish shown by the other dotted lines amusement at an evening party, appear. Therefore the observer may be made thus: The lid of a sees eight polished surfaces radipiano is opened and rested on piles ating from the middle point, and if of books, so that it forms an angle any object A is held between the of 60 degrees with the top, and the lid and top, it will appear also whole is then covered with the between every pair of these reflected piano-cloth, or with a large table cover. The polished top and lid of the piano take the place of the glass mirrors in the small kaleidoscope, and when objects are held or moved at one end they will appear in beautiful and complicated designs to any one looking in at the other. The cover should hang down over the end at which the observer stands, so that he may put his head under it. The objects at the other end, which may be anything bright or colored, must be shaken about and changed rapidly. Thus the exhibitor may first twirl a bouquet of artificial flowers in front of the kaleidoscope, then shake his fingers there, then dangle two or three silver spoons at the end of a string, then look in and make a face, and so on. The objects should be brightly lighted, but the lamp or gas fixture should be placed so that it does not show in the kaleidoscope. The reason why the reflections appear in a regular design in a kaleidoscope will be understood by looking at the figure, which, if looked at from the left, may represent a section of the piano-lid and top, M and M'. The top M will be reflected in the lid M', appearing as the dotted line just beyond, and this reflection behaves like a real mirror, so the lid is reflected in it,

surfaces. Thus eight objects, a, b, a', b', etc., are seen arranged in a regular design, of which only one is real, the others being reflections The centre of the design is always the angle between the piano top and lid. By varying this angle, the number of reflections, and therefore the shape of the design, will be changed, there being more images as the top and lid are brought nearer together. A kaleidoscope for use with the MAGIC LANTERN can be made by placing two mirrors against the screen, at an angle, and throwing between them the image of a slide made of two pieces of glass having heads or fragments of glass between them. The image can be varied, as in the ordinary kaleidoscope, by shaking the slide.

The audience must sit on the opposite side of the screen from the lantern.

as he is about to take his seat the King and Queen rise and allow him to fall between the chairs. He then Diffraction Kaleidoscope, a toy takes his place among the other depending on the principles ex- spectators, and witnesses the recepplained under DIFFRACTION GRAT-tion of his companions. The King INGS. It has one of these gratings, ruled with a diamond-point on glass, for an eye-piece, and for objects disks of pasteboard with needle holes in various patterns. These can be arranged to suit the fancy of the observer. The light passing through these holes, when viewed through the grating, produces various beautiful colored patterns.

Tube Kaleidoscope. Paint a glass tube (for instance the straight part of an Argand lamp chimney) black on the outside. Look through this at a pin-hole in a piece of paper, and several circles of light will be seen, one within another. Any design or figure looked at will in like manner be reflected in circles, making a curious effect. The tube may be closed at one end by two pieces of glass, between which are placed beads or other small colored objects, as in an ordinary kaleidoscope.

KENO. See Loto.

KEY OF THE KING'S GARDEN. See REPEATING GAMES.

KING AND QUEEN, a game or trick in which any number of persons may take part. All who have never played the game before are sent out of the room. A boy and girl are then selected as King and Queen and seated on a throne made of two chairs, placed about two feet apart and covered with a shawl or rug. The covering is stretched while the King and Queen take their seats, and their weight keeps it smooth, so that the throne looks like a solid bench, covered with a shawl. The other players are then asked to come in one by one. As each appears, one who is chosen for the purpose introduces him to the King and Queen and says that they wish him to sit between them. Just

and Queen must rise exactly at the right moment. If they do so too soon, the victim will have time to save himself; if they wait until he has rested his weight on the shawl, he will discover the trick and get up quickly.

KING ARTHUR WAS KING WILLIAM'S SON, a singing game played by boys and girls. A row of hats is placed on the floor, and the leader of the game, putting the first one on his head, marches about and sings to the tune of "Maryland, My Maryland":

"King Arthur was King William's son,
And when the battle he had won,
Upon his breast he wore a star,
And it was called the sign of war."

He then picks up the next hat and puts it on the head of any one he chooses, who must then follow him while they sing the same verse. This goes on till all the company are in line. Sometimes the first line is "King William was King James's (or King George's) son." A kissing game is played by adding to this stanza, or a similiar one, the lines,

"Star of the East, Star of the West,
Star of the one you love the best,
Down on the carpet you must kneel,
As the grass grows on the field,
Salute your bride and kiss her sweet,
And rise again upon your feet."

This game is played in this and other ways in Ireland, and is common in the Middle and Southern United States.

KING CÆSAR. See PEELAWAY. KING'S CASTLE, a game in which several players try to dislodge one from some position he has chosen. It is called in France Le Roi Detroné (The Dethroned King). The King selects for his castle a hillock or mound, and the other players try to dethrone him by pushing or pulling him down. Sometimes

only pushing is allowed. During points in which skill is especially the civil war in England between the shown in making a kite are the Parliament and Charles I., the Puri- arrangement of the string and the tans besieged Hume Castle, and the tail. Two or more short strings are commander, when ordered to sur-fastened to the kite frame and these render, replied,

"I, William of the Wastle,
Am now in my castle,

And a' the dogs in the town
Winna gae me gang down."

This rhyme is supposed to have
been quoted from a boy's game of the
time, probably the same as that just
described. In Pennsylvania the de-
fender of the castle says:

"Hally, hally, hastle,

Come into my new castle." In a variation of the game all the players act as defenders except one, who tries to gain entrance, saying:

"Hally, hally, hastle, Get off my new castle." KING'S LAND, See TAG. KITE-FLYING. The article KITE in C. C. T. describes several forms of

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Japanese Kite.

Kites, and tells some interesting things about them. A Japanese form is shown in the illustration, easily made from the thin slips of bamboo in a Japanese fan, and covered with tissue-paper. The

are joined in a knot, to which the kite string is afterward tied. The kite (without its tail), if lifted by this knot, should hang with its sides the tail is to be attached a little perfectly even and the point where lower than the top. If, in flying, the kite plunges sidewise, it is probably because this knot is too high; if it whirls around, the knot is too low.

The tail should never be less than twelve times, and may be even twenty times, the length of the kite. It may be made of string with stuff "bobs" of folded paper three inches long placed at intervals of three inches, or it may be of strips of cloth tied together, in which case it should be somewhat shorter. To fly a kite, one person must hold it in the air as high as he can, while the other stands about fifty feet distant in the direction from which the wind is blowing, with the string in his hand. At a signal from the latter, the former releases the kite, while the latter runs towards the wind till the kite has mounted a little way. He then lets out string till the kite is as high as he wants it to go. The running is for the purpose of increasing the force of the air striking the kite, as near the ground the wind is apt to be light. In a strong wind it is often unnecessary to run at all. When a kite has reached such a height that the weight of string attached to it is all it can carry, it will go no higher by itself, but the end of the string may be attached to a second kite which may be sent up in the usual manner. Óne kite after another may thus be sent up till their combined pull is all that the flyer can hold. Two kites sent up in this way can be made to pull a carriage, the main kite being pre

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