manipulation with finger and thumb, which is legitimate, will bring them all right. The fore legs are short, with great bone, and should be as straight as possible. Many otherwise good dogs fail here, having legs as crooked as a Basset-hound. Weak ankles are too common. Dogs with faulty fronts have often good-shaped bodies, as the drop at shoulders caused by the bad fore legs gives that rise or arch that is so much desired but seldom seen. The coat is a mixed one, but some of our best Dandies have a covering more approaching a hard than a mixed coat. Soft, woolly coats are objectionable, and lead to a lot of trimming."

The following description of the general appearance and special points of this dog were drawn up by Mr. Hugh Dalziel for the last Edition of this work, and are so applicable to the dog of to-day that they are retained in their entirety :

In forming an opinion of a dog's merits, the general appearance (by which is meant the impression which a dog makes, as a whole, on the eye of the judge) should be first considered. Secondly should be noticed the dog's size, shape, and make-i.e. its proportions in the relation they bear to each other; no point should be so much in excess of the others as to destroy the general symmetry, and cause the dog to appear deformed or interfere with its usefulness in the occupations for which it is specially adapted. Thirdly, the dog's style, carriage, gait, temperament, and each of its other points, should be considered separately.

General Appearance. The general appearance of the Dandie Dinmont Terrier is that of a rough-coated, thickset dog, very low on its legs, and having a body very flexible and long in proportion to its height, but broad, deep-chested, and compact. The head very large, with broad and well-domed skull, covered with light-coloured hair of a softer and silkier texture than that on the body. This hairy scalp very often gives the head an appearance of being disproportionate to the body, when such is not actually the case. Jaws long and slightly tapering to the nose, which must be large and always black; covered with shorter and slightly harder hair than on the body. Neck thick and muscular; shoulders low, and back slightly curved down behind them, with a corresponding arch of the loins, which are broad and strong. Ears pendulous, and bearing low. Legs short, and very muscular. The Dandie carries in his countenance the appearance of great determination, strength, and activity, with a constant and vigilant eagerness to be busy. In brief, he is an embodiment of docility, courage, strength, intelligence, and alertness.

Head. The head should be large, and rather heavy-looking in proportion to the dog's size. Skull broad between the ears, with a very gradual and slight taper towards the eyes. It should be long from back to front, with high forehead and cranium conical and well domed, measuring about the same from the point of the eye to back of skull as it does between the base of ears, and round the largest part about a third more than the dog's height at the shoulder. The head should always be covered with soft, silky hair, not curled, but slightly wavy, and not confined to a mere top-knot; it is also of a much lighter colour than that on the body. The cheeks, starting from the ears, proportionately broad with the skull, should, without any unsightly bulge, taper very gradually towards the muzzle, the muscles showing extraordinary development, more especially those that move the lower jaw. The head of the bitch, as in nearly every other breed of dogs, is comparatively smaller, and lighter in proportion, than that of the dog.

Muzzle. The muzzle should be long, deep, and very powerful, very slightly tapering to the nose, which should be large, well formed, well spread over the

muzzle, and always black. The muzzle should measure, from the corner of the eye to the tip of the nose, about 3in. in length, or in proportion to length of skull as three is to five, and round close in front of the eyes about two and a half to three times its length. The muzzle should be thinly covered with short and hardish hair of rather darker colour than on the body; the top of muzzle should be nearly bare for about an inch from the black part of the nose, coming to a point towards the eye. A foxy or snipy muzzle is very objectionable. The jaws should be long and powerful, with very strong teeth, perfectly level in front, the canines fitting well into each other, so as to give the greatest available holding and punishing power. A pig-jawed or an undershot mouth is very objectionable, though, as it occurs in the purest strains, it cannot be altogether considered a disqualification. The mouth should be very large, and the roof of it very dark, almost always black.

Eyes. The eyes should be wide apart, large, round, moderately full, very clear, bright, and expressive of great intelligence, set low, and well in front of forehead; colour, a rich brown or hazel, yellowness being a great fault. Frequently there is a dark ring round the eye, the hair of which is rather short and of a downy nature. This dark shade, together with that (already referred to) down the centre of the nose, contrasts beautifully with the bright silvery top-knot, and imparts to the breed that gipsy and game appearance which is an essential characteristic of the Dandie Dinmont Terrier.

Ears. The ears should be large and pendulous, from 3in. to 4in. long, set far apart, well back, and rather low on the skull, hanging close to the cheeks, like a hound's, but a little more pointed or almond-shaped-i.e. broad at the base, and tapering to a small, rounded point. The taper should be all, or nearly all, on the back edge, the front edge hanging nearly straight down from its junction with the head to the tip. They ought to show a little shoulder at the base, which causes the tips of the ears to point a little forwards towards the jaw. They should be moderately thick and leathery, and covered with a short, soft, darker and brighter sort of hair than on the body, having a smooth, velvety appearance, showing no lint or silky hair, excepting in some cases a thin feather of lighter hair starting about an inch or so from the tip, and of the same colour and texture as the top-knot; this gives the top of the ear the appearance of a distinct point.

Neck. The neck should be rather short, and very muscular, well developed, and strong, showing great power by being well set into the shoulder. The length of neck should average about one-third of its girth.

Body.-The body should be very long and flexible, measuring, from top of shoulders to root of tail, about an inch or two over one and a half times the height of dog at shoulder. Chest well developed and broad, with brisket round and deep, being well let down between the fore legs. The back should be rather low at the shoulders, and slightly curved down behind them, with a corresponding arch, the rise commencing about 2in. behind the shoulder-blade; over the loins, which should be higher than the shoulders, broad and strong, with a slight gradual droop from the top of loins to root of tail. Ribs well sprung and rounded, back and front, forming a good barrel. Both sides of spine should be well supplied with muscle; in fact, every part of the dog seems to be abundantly supplied with muscle, giving it great compactness.

Tail. The tail (or stern) should be in length a little less than the height of the dog at the shoulder. It should be set on at the bottom of a gentle slope, about 2in. from top of loins, being rather thick at the root, getting very slightly thicker for about 4in., then tapering off to a fine point. It should be covered on the upper side with wiry hair, of darker colour and stronger nature than that on the body, while the under side is lighter and less wiry, with a little nice light feather, commencing about 2in. from root, and from in. to 2in. long, getting shorter as it nears the tip, which is pointed. It should be carried gaily,

or hound-like, slightly curved upward, but not directly curled over the back. N. B.-When not excited, nearly in a horizontal line, but otherwise hound-like.

Legs.-The fore legs should be very short in proportion to the dog's size, very stout, and set wide apart, thick. and straight, with immense muscular development in the fore arm; this, with the ankles being very slightly turned inwards, makes the dog appear somewhat bandy-legged, but the leg bones themselves should be stout and straight, and not curved. The feet should be well framed and broad, but not flat, standing firm, and well under the chest, with very little or no feather on the legs. Hind legs thick and strong, longer than the fore legs, well spread, with a good bend in the hocks, the muscles of the thighs being very thick and well developed. The feet are much smaller, with no feather or dew-claws; the toes rather short, forming rather a round than a hare-foot; the claws black, and very strong. White claws, however, should not be a disqualification.

Height and Weight.-Height, from Sin. to 12in. at top of shoulder, but never above 12in., even for a dog. Weight, of dogs, from 16lb. to 24lb.; of bitches, from 14lb. to 20lb. The most desirable weights are 20lb. for dogs and 16lb. for bitches, but 24lb. dogs are very useful to give bone, muscle, and stamina to the produce of the smaller ones.

Coat and Colour.-The coat is a very important feature. The hair (about 2in. long) along the top of the neck and upper part of the body should be a mixture of about two-thirds rather hard (but not wiry) with one-third soft, linty (not silky) hair, which gives a sort of crisp feeling to the hand, and constitutes what old John Stoddart used to term "a pily coat." It becomes lighter in colour and finer in texture as it nears the lower part of the body and legs. The head is covered with hair of a longer, lighter, and much more silky texture, giving it a silvery appearance, but not so long as to hang completely over the eyes, like a Skye or a Poodle. The lighter in colour and softer, the better. The colour is either mustard or pepper, and their mixtures. Mustard is a reddish or sandy brown of various shades. Pepper is a bluish grey, either dark in shade, ranging from a dark bluish black to slaty grey, or even a much paler or silvery grey; sometimes a combination of both, in which case the back is grey, while the legs, inside of ears, chest, and under side of tail are mustard, verging on a pale red or fawn colour. No other colours admitted, and any white, even on chest, is considered objectionable.

In the excellent advice given by the late Mr. Thomson Gray, and printed elsewhere, the novice will find described most of the faults that he must avoid in either purchasing or breeding. Little therefore remains to be said. The silky top-knot that is considered so characteristic of the modern dog has been condemned by the older admirers of sporting Terriers as a useless sort of appendage to a dog that at one time had to face any kind of vermin. Sometimes the two colours of the Dandie are combined, and needless to say that such specimens are useless for exhibition. Dogs showing such a colour combination are known as "Saddlebacks." Mr. Cook states that when two or three years old the "Saddleback" sometimes turns into a spurious "Mustard," the Pepper "Saddle gradually dying out." In the puppy stage Dandie Dinmont Terriers differ materially from the adult. The Peppers are born black, often with a white patch on chest, that remains, and sometimes with tan legs. When born black, the tan on the legs soon asserts itself. At

first the coat is short and smooth, but gradually it changes and becomes harder. Mustards are born rather lighter than Peppers, but they also have a good deal of black hair. In fact, those having much black down the back generally turn out the best for colour. Mr. Charles Cook in his excellent monograph thus writes of the Mustards as puppies. They are "whelped practically all tan colour (some being darker and others lighter in shade), there being little difference noticeable between the body colour and that on the legs excepting that the hairs on the back and tail are usually more or less tipped with black. The ears, tail, and muzzle in Mustard pups are also often quite black, and if with this the crown of the head is a deep golden colour the pup will usually grow into a fine Mustard.' Attention has already been directed to light-eyed specimens. This, of course, applies to adults. When born, Dandie Dinmont Terriers have blue-grey eyes. These, however, gradually change, and the darker they become the better. Then, the topknot is not in evidence for many months, and cases are on record where this coveted crown has not been produced until three years had elapsed.

To keep the Dandie Dinmont Terrier in good coat when required simply as a companion and sporting dog is no great task; but in the past to "prepare" him for the show-bench has been quite a different matter. Being low upon the leg and carrying a fairly good coat, naturally the Dandie Dinmont Terrier licks up a lot of mud in dirty weather; but he is so smart a little fellow indoors that no one who really loves dogs should begrudge the time that the extra attention to his coat on such an occasion involves.

The Dandie Dinmont Terrier is not lacking in Clubs to watch over its interests, no less than four being in existence in the United Kingdom. The parent society, however, is the Dandie Dinmont Terrier Club, founded as long ago as November 17, 1875, thus being the oldest specialist dog club in existence. The late Mr. Hugh Dalziel was its first Secretary.

CHAPTER XLII

THE BEDLINGTON TERRIER

As far back as 1826 Coquetdale was, and had long been, one of the homes of the old rough Terriers from which have sprung the two closely related varieties now famous as the Bedlington and the Dandie Dinmont. This is so well established that the Bedlington might appropriately have been named the Coquetdale Terrier. sportsmen of what we may for brevity and comprehensiveness call the Border dales appear to have stuck tenaciously to the blood of their ancient race of Terriers, the deviations from the original form being pretty clearly accounted for.

The Dandie Dinmont would seem to be nearer to the original in shape and size, the higher and lighter build of the Bedlington probably arising, as suggested farther on, by a cross with the Bullterrier. The famous engraver Bewick, whose first work was published at Newcastle-on-Tyne-originally the great home of the Bedlington-knew nothing of a Terrier of that name. Bewick's woodcut of a Terrier shows a heavy, coarse, unshapely dog, with rather short and thick legs, the fore ones heavily feathered; a rough, bearded muzzle, prick ears, and coarse tail, curved over back; but his description of the Terriers is identical with that of Daniel and other writers.

From the strong, short-legged, rough Terrier it is probable that we got the Dandies and Bedlingtons, the outcome as we now see it being due to different grafts on to the original, and to modifications natural to selections in breeding since the two varieties became finally recognised as distinct.

It is the opinion of some of the oldest breeders of Bedlingtons that these Terriers were at one time very much shorter in the leg and stouter in body than they are now; and this is very probable, for we must remember that even the name Bedlington, like that of Dandie Dinmont, as applied to a race of Terriers, is quite modern, the latter dating, from the time of Sir Walter Scott. Again in the old days the Bedlington was not used for racing purposes as it is now, and therefore the need for a speedy dog did not exist.

The Bedlington Terrier had a hard struggle to obtain from dog