358. Effects of the battle of Pavia, and captivity of Francis on him, 371. Particulars of his embassy to Charles, 372. Concludes a defensive alliance with France, 377. Is declared protector of the league of Cognac against the emperor, 401. His motives for assisting the pope against the emperor, 424. Enters into a league with Francis, and renounces the English claim to the crown of France, 425. Declares war against the emperor, 431. Concludes a truce with the governess of the Low Countries, 435. Projects his divorce from Catharine of Aragon, 445. Motives which withheld the pope from granting it, 446. Acquiesces in the peace of Cam- bray, 447. Sends a supply of money to the Protestant league in Germany, vi, 11. Procures his marriage to be annulled by Cran- mer, archbishop of Canterbury, 20. The divorce reversed by the pope under penalty of excommunication, ibid. Renounces the papai supremacy, ibid. Refuses to acknowledge any council called by the pope, 34. Opposes James V. of Scotland marrying Mary of Guise, 83. His disgusts with Francis, and intercourse with the emperor, 94. Concludes a league with Charles, 143. Makes war with Scot- land, 144. Particulars of his treaty with Charles, ibid. Invades France, and invests Boulogne, 164. Refuses the emperor's plan of operations, 167. Is deserted by the emperor, 170. Takes Boulogne, 171. His haughty proposals to Francis, ibid. Peace of Campe, 205.
Is succeeded by his son Edward VI. 244. A review of his policy, 509. Hertford, earl of, plunders and burns Edinburgh, vi, 172. Joins Henry after, in his invasions of France, ibid.
Hesse, the landgrave of, procures the restoration of his kinsman Ulric, duke of Wurtemburgh, vi, 32. His views compared with those of the clector of Saxony, 185 The emperor's deceitful professions to him, 192. Quiets the apprehensions of the Protestant league with regard to the emperor, ibid. Is appointed joint commander of the army of the league with the elector of Saxony, 211. Their characters compared, ibid. Urges an attack of the emperor, but is opposed by the elector, 214. His letter to Maurice duke of Saxony, 221. The army of the league dispersed, 224. Is reduced to accept harsh terms from Charles, 262. His humiliating reception by the emperer, 264. Is detained in confinement, 265. His offers of submission slighted by the emperor, 287. Is carried by the emperor with him into the Nether- lands, 290. Renews his endeavours for liberty, 307. Charles releases arbitrarily the elector of Brandenburgh and Maurice from their en- gagements to him, ibid. Is closely confined in the citadel of Mechlin, 308. Obtains his liberty by the treaty of Passau, 356. Is arrested by the queen of Hungary, but freed by the emperor, 360. The effects of his confinement on him, ibid.
Heuterus, his account of Lewis XII. shewn to contradict the relations given by Bellay and other French historians, of the education of Charles V. v, 183. note.
League, against the emperor Charles V. formed at Cognac, under the protection of Henry VIII. of England, v, 401.
Horuc, a potter's son of Lesbos, commences pirate with his brother Hayradin, vi, 36. See Barbarossa.
Hungary is invaded by Solyman the Magnificent, and its king, Lewis II. killed, v, 420. His successes, and the number of prisoners carried away, ibid. The archduke Ferdinand elected king of, together with Bohemia, 421. John Zapol Şcæpius wrests it from Ferdinand, vi, 122.
Stephen succeeds on the death of his father John, 123. Is treacher- ously seized by Solyman, 125. See Isabellağand Martinuazi.
James V. of Scotland, levies troops to assist Francis in Provence, but his intentions frustrated, vi. 83. His negociations for marriage with Francis's daughter, ibid. Marries Mary of Guise, ibid. Dies, and leaves Mary, his infant daughter, to succeed him, 144. See Mary. Jesuits, the order of, by whom founded, v. 284. Character of that order, ibid. Character of Ignatio Loyola, their founder, vi. 105. The order confirmed by the pope, ibid. An examination into the constitution of the order, 106. Office and power of their general, 107. The rapid progress of the order, 110. Engage in trade, and establish an empire in South America, 111. Bad tendency of the order, 112. Are re- sponsible for most of the pernicious effects of popery since their insti- tution, 113. Advantages resulting from their institution, ibid. Civi- lizes the natives of Paraguay, 114. Their precautions for the inde- pendency of their empire there, 116. How the particulars of their government and institution came to be disclosed, 117. Summary of their character, 118.
Indulgences, in the Romish church, the doctrine of, explained, v. 236. By whom first invented, ibid. Martin Luther preaches against them, 240. Writes against them to Albert elector of Mentz, ibid. A bull issued in favour of, 248. The sale of, opposed in Switzerland by Zuinglius, 250.
Infantado, duke of, his haughty resentment of a casual blow on his horse, vi. 92. Is protected by the constable of Castile, 93.
Innocent, a young domestic of cardinal di Monte, obtains his cardinal's hat on his election to the papacy, vi. 196.
Interim, a system of theology so called, prepared by order of the emperor Charles V. for the use of Germany, vi, 282. Is disapproved of, both by Protestants and Papists, 284.
Investitures, usurpations of the Romish clergy in Germany, during the disputes between the emperors and popes concerning, v. 261.
Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand, and mother of Charles V. visits Spain with her husband Philip archduke of Austria, v. 166. Is slighted by her husband, 167. Her character, ibid. Is abruptly left in Spain by her husband, 168. Sinks into melancholy on the occasion, and is de- livered of her second son, Ferdinand, ibid. Her letter of consent to her father's regency of Castile intercepted, and herself confined, 172. Made joint regent of Castile with Ferdinand and Philip, by the treaty of Salamanca, 174. Sets out for Spain with Philip, are driven on the coast of England, and detained three months by Henry VII. 174, 175. Acknowledged queen by the cortes, 176. Her tenderness to her husband in his sickness, and extraordinary attachment to his body when dead, 177. Is incapable of government, ibid. Her son Charles assumes the crown, 189. The cortes acknowledges her son king, with a reservation in her favour, 203. er reception of Padilla the chief of the Spanish malecontents, 310. The holy junta removed to Tordesillas, the place of her residence, 311. Relapses into her former melancholy, ibid. The proceedings of the holy junta carried on in her name, ibid. Is seized by the conde de Haro, 319. Dies, after near fifty years confinement, vi. 434.
John Zapol Scæpius, by the assistance of sultan Solyman, establishes
himself in the kingdom of Hungary, vi. 122. Leaves the kingdom to his son Stephen, 123. See Hungary, Isabella, and Martinuzzi. Isabella, daughter of John II. of Castile, and wife of Ferdinand king of Aragon, her history, v. 166. Her concern at the archduke Philip's treatment of her daughter Joanna, 167. Her death and character, 169. Appoints Ferdinand regent of Castile, under restrictions, ibid.
daughter to Sigismund king of Poland, married to John king of Hungary, vi. 123. Her character, 124. Is treacherously carried with her infant son into Transylvania by sultan Solyman, 125. The go- vernment of this province, and the education of her son, committed to her jointly with Martinuzzi, 324. Is jealous of Martinuzzi's influ- ence, and courts the Turks, ibid. Is prevailed on to resign Transyl- vania to Ferdinand, 326. Retires to Silesia, ibid. Recovers posses- sion of Transylvania, 380.
of Portugal, married to the emperor Charles V. v. 391. Italy, consequences of the league between Pope Leo X. and the emperor Charles V. to, v. 290. The characters of the Italians, Spaniards, and French contrasted, ibid. State of, at the accession of Clement VII. to the papacy, 345. Views of the Italian states with respect to the em peror and Francis, on the expulsion of the French from Genoa and the Milanese, 356. Their apprehension on the battle of Pavia and capti- vity of Francis, 373. The principal states join in the holy league against the emperor, 401. Are disgusted at the tardiness of Francis, 405. A view of the Ghibeline faction, 406. Sentiments of the states of, on the peace of Cambray, vi. 445. Is visited by the emperor Charles, 447. The motives of his moderation towards the states of, 448. A league among the states of, formed by Charles, vi, 16. Pla- centia granted to Octavio Farnese by Philip II. of Spain, 469. The investiture of Siena given by Philip to Cosmo di Medici, 470. The consequence of these grants, 471.
Junta, holy, a view of the confederacy in Spain so termed, v. 309. The authority of Adrian disclaimed by, 310. Removed to Tordesillas, where queen Joanna resided, 311. Their proceedings carried on in the name of Joanna, ibid. Receive letters from Charles to lay down their arms, with promises of pardon, 312. Remonstrances of griev ances drawn up by, 313. The particulars of this remonstrance, 313, 314, 315. Remarks on the spirit of it, 316. Are intimidated from presenting it to Charles, 317. Propose to deprive Charles of his roy- alty during the life of Joanna, ibid. Take the field, 318. Character of their army, ibid. The queen seized by the conde de Haro, 319. How they obtained money to support their army, 820. Lose time in negociating with the nobles, 321. Propose to make their peace with Charles at the expense of the nobles, 322. Their irresolute conduct, 323. Their army defeated by Haro, and Padilla taken prisoner, 324. Padilla executed, ibid. His letters to his wife and the city of Toledo, 325. note: The ruin of the confederacy, 326.
Julius II. pope, observations on the pontificate of, 257.
III. pope, his character, vi. 296. Bestows his cardinal's hat in- famously, ibid. Is averse to the calling a council, 297. Summons one at Trent, 298. Asserts his supreme authority peremptorily in the bull for it, 306. Repents confirming Octavio Farnese in Parma, 312. Requires Octavio to relinquish his alliance with France, 314. The manner of his death, 423.
La Chau, a Flemish gentleman, associated by Charles V, with cardinal Kimenes in the regency of Castile, v, 195,
Landrecy, siege af, by the emperor Charles V. vi. 148. Is abandoned by him, ibid.
Lannoy mortgages the revenues of Naples to supply the exigencies of the emperor, v. 361. Francis surrenders himself prisoner to him at the battle of Pavia, 368. His cautious disposal of him, ibid. Delivers him up in pursuance of the treaty of Madrid, and receives the duke of Orleans and the dauphin, as hostages in exchange, 390. Is sent am- bassador to Francis, to require his fulfilment of that treaty, 403. Concludes a treaty with the pope, 412. Marches to join the imperial- ists at Rome, where the troops refuse to obey him, 426.
Lanuza, don John de, made viceroy of Aragon, on the departure of Charles V. for Germany, v. 224. Composes the disturbances there,
Lavagna, John Lewis Fiesco, count of, his character, vi. 231. Meditates subverting the government of Genoa, 232. His preparations, 233. His artful method of assembling his adherents, 234. His exhortation to them, 235. His interview with his wife, 236. Sallies forth, 237. Andrew Doria escapes, 238. Deputies sent to know his terms, ibid. Is drowned, ibid. His brother's vanity ruins their designs, 239. See Fiesco.
Lautrec, Cdet de Foix, mareschal de, the French governor of Milan, his character, v. 290. Alienates the affections of the Milanese from the French, 291. Invests Reggio, but is repulsed by Guicciardini the his- torian, then governor, ibid. Is excommunicated by the pope, 292. The money for paying his troops seized by Louise of Savoy, 293. Is left by his Swiss troops, 294. Is driven out of the Milanese territo- ries, 295. A new body of Swiss under him insist on giving battle to the imperialists, who defeat him, 298. The Swiss leave him, 299. Retires into France with the residue of his troops, ibid. Delivers up the duke of Orleans in exchange for Francis I. as hostages for the performance of the treaty of Madrid, 290. Is appointed generalissi- mo of the league against the emperor, 426. His success in Italy, 427. Motives which withheld him from subduing the Milanese, ibid. Obliges the prince of Orange to retire to Naples, 433. Blockades Naples, ibid. His army wasted, and himself killed by the pestilence,
Learning the revival of, favourable to the reformation of religion, v. 269.
Leipsic, a public disputation held there by Martin Luther and Eccius, on the validity of the papal authority, v. 250.
Leo X, pope of Rome, his character, v. 213. His apprehensions on the election of an emperor of Germany, at the death of Maximilian, ibid. His counsel to the German princes, 214. Grants Charles V. a tenth of all ecclesiastical benefices in Castile, 220. Lays Castile under an interdict, but takes it off at the instance of Charles, ibid. His conduct on the prospect of war between Charles and Francis, 227. Situation of the papacy at his succession, and his views of policy, 236. His inat- tention to Martin Luther's controversy with the Dominicans concerning indulgences, 243. Is instigated against him, and summons him to Rome, 244. Desires the elector of Saxony not to protect him. ibid. Is prevailed on to permit Luther's doctrines to be examined in Germany, ibid. Cardinal Cajetan appointed to try him, ibid. Issues a bull in favour of indulgences, 248. A suspension of proceedings against Luther, and why, 249. Publishes a bull of excommunication against him, 257. The political views of his conduct between Charles and Francis, 280. Con- clades a treaty with Francis, 281. Concludes a treaty also with
The conditions of the treaty with Charles, ibid. Its consequences to Italy, 290. Is disappointed in a scheme formed by Morone, chancellor of Milan, for attacking that duchy, 291. Excom- municates Mareschal de Foix for his attack of Reggio, and declares against France, 292. Takes a body of Swiss into pay, ibid. The French driven out of the Milanese, 295. He dies, ibid. The spirit of the confederacy broken by his death, ibid.
L'Esparre, Foix de, commands the French troops in Navarre for Henry d'Albert, v, 284. Reduces that kingdom, ibid. His imprudent pro- gress into Castile, 285. Is taken prisoner by the Spaniards, and the French driven out of Navarre, ibid.
Leonard, Father, forms a scheme of betraying Metz to the imperialists, vi, 406. Introduces soldiers clad like friars, 407. Is detected, 408. Is murdered by his monks, 410.
Levesque, Don, his account of the motives which induced the emperor Charles V. to resign his hereditary dominions, vi, 433, note.
Lewis II. king of Hungary and Bohemia, his character, v, 420. Is inva ded and killed by Solyman the Magnificent, ibid.
XII, king of France, receives homage of the archduke Philip, for the earldom of Flanders, v, 166. Concludes a treaty with him, while at war with Ferdinand of Aragon, 168. Bestows his niec?, Germain de Foix, on Ferdinand, and concludes a peace with him, 173. the confidence of Philip on that occasion, 183, note. Bestows his eldest daughter, already betrothed to Charles V. on the count of An- gouleme, ibid.
Leyva, Antonio de, defends Pavia for the emperor against Francis, v. 362. His vigorous defence, 363. Sallies out at the battle of Pavia, and contributes to the deleat of Francis, 367. Is left governor of Milan by the duke of Bourbon, 410. Defeats the forces there, 448, Is appointed generalissimo of the Italian league, vi, 16. Directs the operations of the invasion of France, under the emperor, 63. Dies, 69.
Literature, its obligations to the order of jesuits, vi, 113. Lorenzo di Medici. See Medici.
Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I. of France, her character, v. 292. Her motives for seizing the money appointed for payment of mareschal Lautrec's troops, 293. Cause of her aversion to the house of Bourbon, 336. Her advances towards a marriage with Charles duke of Bourbon, rejected by him, 337. Determines to ruin him, ibid. Instigates a lawsuit against him for his estates, ibid. Goes to dissuade Francis from his intended invasion of the Milanese, who will not wait for her, 359. Is appointed regent during his absence, 360. Her prudent con- duct on the defeat of Pavia, and captivity of her son Francis, 370. Concludes a defensive alliance with Heury VIII. 377. Ratifies the treaty of Madrid for the recovery of her son's liberty, 389. Under- takes with Margaret of Savoy to accommodate the differences between the emperor and Francis 441. Articles of the peace of Cambray, 443. Loyola, Ignatio, commands the castle of Pampeluna in Navarre, and is wounded in its defence, v, 284. His enthusiastic turn of mind, ibid. The founder of the society of jesuits, ibid. Prevails on the pope to establish the order, vi, 105. An examination into the constitution of the order, 106. Office and power of the general, 107. The rapid pro- gress of the order, 110. Sce Jesuits.
Lorrain, cardinal of, persuades Henry II. of France to accept the offered alliance with pope Paul IV. and is sent to Rome to negociate it, vi. 428. His imprudent behaviour towards the duchess of Valentinois, 483.
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