Apr. 1, 1782, to Nov. 1, 1788, inclusive; also, the Journal of the Committee of the States, from the 1st Friday in June, to the 1st Friday in August, 1784, with an Appendix

having transmitted to Congress treaties which they have severally made with the Cherokees, Chickasaws and Choctaws,

Ordered, That the said treaties be entered on the journal of Congress. Articles of a Treaty concluded at the Mouth of the Great Miami, on the north-western bank of the Ohio, the 31st of January, 1786, between the Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one part, and the Chiefs and Warriors of the Shawanoe Nation of the other part. Art. 1. Three hostages shall be immediately delivered to the commissioners, to remain in the possession of the United States, until all the prisoners, white and black, taken in the late war from among the citizens of the United States, by the Shawanoe nation, or by any other Indian or Indians residing in their towns, shall be restored.

Art. 2. The Shawanoe nation, do acknowledge the United States to be the sole and absolute sovereigns of all the territory ceded to them by a treaty of peace, made between them and the king of Great-Britain, the 14th day of January, 1784.

Art. 3. If any Indian or Indians of the Shawanoe nation, or any other Indian or Indians residing in their towns, shall commit murder or robbery on, or do any injury to the citizens of the United States, or any of them, that nation shall deliver such offender, or offenders, to the officer commanding the nearest post of the United States, to be punished according to the ordinances of Congress; and in like manner any citizen of the United States who shall do an injury to any Indian of the Shawanoe nation, or to any other Indian or Indians residing in their towns, and under their protection, shall be punished according to the laws of the United States.

Art. 4. The Shawanoe nation having knowledge of the intention of any nation or body of Indians to make war on the citizens of the United States, or of their counselling together for that purpose, and neglecting to give information thereof to the commanding officer of the nearest post of the United States, shall be considered as parties in such wor, and be punished accordingly; and the United States shall in like manner inform the Shawan, es of any injury designed against them.

Art. 5. The United States do grant peace to the Shawanoe nation, and do receive them into their friendship and protection.

Art. 6. The United States do allot to the Shawanoe nation, lands within their territory to live and hunt upon, beginning at the south line of the lands allotted to the Wiandots and Delaware nations, at the place where the main branch of the Great Miami which falls into the Ohio intersects said line; then down the river Miami, to the fork of that river, next below the Old Fort, which was taken by the French in 1752; thence due west to the river de la Panse; then down that river, to the river Wabash, beyond which lines, none of the citizens of the United States shall settle, nor disturb the Shawanoes in their settlements and possessions; and the Shawanoes do relinquish to the United States, all title, or pretence of title they ever had to the lands east, west and south, of the east, west and south lines before described.

Art. 7. If any citizen.or citizens of the United States, shall presume to settle upon the lands allotted to the Shawanoes by this treaty, he or they shall be put out of the protection of the United States.

In testimony whereof, the parties hereunto have affixed their hands and seals, the day and year first above mentioned.

(Signed) G. R. Clarke, Richard Butler, Samuel H. Parsons, Aweecony, Kakawipilathy, Malunthy, Musquauconocah, Meanymsecah, Waupaucowela, Nihipeewa, Nihinessicoe.

Attest, Alexander Campbell, secretary to Commissioners.

Witnesses, William Finney, major, B. B. Thomas Doyle, captain, B. B. Nathan M'Dowell, ensign, John Saffinger, Henry Govy, Cagy Galloway, his X mark, John Boggs, and others.

Articles of a Treaty concluded at Hopewell, on the Keowee, between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Joseph Martin, and Lachlan M'Intosh, Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one part, and the Head Men and Warriors of all the Cherokees of the other.

The commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States in Congress assembled, give peace to all the Cherokees, and receive them into the favor and protection of the United States of America, on the following conditions:

Art. 1. The Head Men and Warriors of all the Cherokees, shall restore all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, or subjects of their allies, to their entire liberty: They shall also restore all the Negroes, and all other property taken during the late war from the citizens, to such person, and at such time and place, as the commissioners shall appoint.

Art. 2. The commissioners of the United States in Congress assembled, shall restore all the prisoners taken from the Indians, during the late war, to the Head Men and Warriors of the Cherokees, as early as is practicable.

Art. 3. The said Indians for themselves, and their respective tribes and towns, do acknow. ledge all the Cherokees, to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whosoever.

Art. 4. The boundary allotted to the Cherokees for their hunting grounds, between the said

Indians, and the citizens of the United States, within the limits of the United States of Ame rica, is, and shall be the flowing, viz. beginning at the mouth of Duck river on the Tennes see; thence running north-east, to the ridge dividing the waters running into Cumberland from those running into the Tennessee; thence eastwardly along the said ridge to a north-east fine to be run, which shall strike the river Cumberland 40 miles above Nashville; thence along the said line to the river; thence up the said river to the ford where the Kentucky road crosses the river, thence to Campbell's Ene, near Cumberland gap; thence to the mouth of Chand's creek on Hoistein; thence to the Chimney Top mountain; thence to Camp creek, near the mouth of Big Limestone, on Nolichuckey, thence a southerly course 6 miles to a mountain, thence south to the North-Carolina Ene; thence to the South-Carolina Indian boundary, and along the same south-west over the top of the Oconee mountain till it shall strike Tugo river; thence a direct line to the top of the Currohee mountain; thence to the head of the South Fork of Oconee river.

Art. 5. If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the lands westward or southward of the said boundary which are hereby allotted to the Indians for their hunting grounds, or having already settled and will not remove from the same within 6 months after the ratification of this treaty, such person shall forfeit the protection of the United States, and the Indians may punish him or not as they please; provided nevertheless, that this article shall not extend to the people settled between the fork of French Broad, and Holstein rivers, whose particular situation shall be transmitted to the United States in Congress assembled, for their decision thereon, which the Indians agree to abide by. Art. 6. If any Indian or Indians, or person residing among them, or who shall take refuge in their nation, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any citizen of the United States, or person under their protection, the nation, or the tribe to which such offender or offenders may belong, shall be bound to deliver him or them up to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States; provided that the punishment shall not be greater than if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a citizen.

Art. 7. If any citizen of the United States, or person under their protection, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any Indian, such offender or offenders shall be punished in the same manner as if the murder or robbery, or other capital crime, had been committed on a citizen of the United States; and the punishment shall be in presence of some of the Cherokees, if any shail attend at the time and place, and that they may have an opportunity so to do, due notice of the time of such intended punishment shall be sent to some one of the tribes.

Art. 8. It is understood that the punishment of the innocent under the idea of retaliation, is unjust, and shall not be practised on either side, except where there is a manifest violation of this treaty; and then it shall be preceded, first by a demand of justice, and if refused, then by a declaration of hostilities.

Art. 9. For the benent and comfort of the Indians, and for the prevention of injuries or op pressions on the part of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right of regulating the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in such manner as they think proper.

Art. 10. Until the pleasure of Congress be known, respecting the 9th article, all traders, citizens of the United States, shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or towns of the Cherokees to trade with them, and they shall be protected in their persons and property, and kindly treated.

Art. 11. The said Indians shall give notice to the citizens of the United States, of any designs which they may know or suspect to be formed in any neighbouring tribe, or by any per son whosoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States.

Art. 12. That the Indians may have full confidence in the justice of the United States respecting their interests, they shall have the right to send a deputy of their choice, whenever they think fit, to Congress.

Art. 13. The hatchet shall be for ever buried, and the peace given by the United States, and friendship re-established between the said states on the one part, and all the Cherokees on the other, shall be universal; and the contracting parties shall use their utmost endeavours to maintain the peace given as aforesaid, and friendship re-established.

In witness of all, and every thing herein determined, between the United States of America, and all the Cherokees: We their underwritten commissioners, by virtue of our full powers have signed this definitive treaty, and have caused our seals to be hereunto affixed. Done at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this 28th of November, in the year of our Lord 1785.

(Signed) Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Joseph Martin, Lachn. M'Intosh, and by 37 Head Men of the Cherokee nation.

Articles of a Treaty, concluded at Hopewell, on the Keowee river, near Seneca Old-Town, between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens and Joseph Martin, Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America of the one part, and Piomingo, Head Warrior and first Minister of the Chickasaw Nation, Mingatushka, one of the leading Chiefs, and Latopoia, first beloved Man of the sid Nation; Commissioners Plenipotentiary of all the Chickasaws of the other part.

The commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States of America, give peace to the

Chickasaw nation, and receive them into the favor and protection of the said states, on the following conditions:

Art. 1. The commissioners plenipotentiary of the Chickasaw nation, shall restore all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, to their entire liberty, if any there be in the Chickasaw nation. They shall also restore all the Negroes, and all other property taken during the late war, from the citizens, if any there be in the Chickasaw nation, to such person, and at such time and place, as the commissioners of the United States of America shall appoint.

Art. 2. The commissioners plenipotentiary of the Chickasaws, do hereby acknowledge the tribes and the towns of the Chickasaw nation, to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whosoever.

Art. 3. The boundary of the lands hereby allotted to the Chickasaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of the United States of America, is, and shall be the following, viz.

Beginning on the ridge that divides the waters running into the Cumberland, from those running into the Tennessee, at a point in a line to be run north-east, which shall strike the Tennessee, at the mouth of Duck river; thence running westerly along the said ridge, till it shall strike the Ohio; thence down the southern banks thereof, to the Mississippi; thence down the same, to the Choctaw line or Natches district; thence along the said line, or the line of the district eastwardly as far as the Chickasaws claimed, and lived and hunted on, the 29th of November, 1782. Thence the said boundary eastwardly, shall be the lands allotted to the Choctaws and Cherokees to live and hunt on, and the lands at present in possession of the Creeks; saving and reserving for the establishment of a trading post, a tract or parcel of land to be laid out at the lower post of the Muscle Shoals, at the mouth of Ocochappo, in circle, the diameter of which, shall be five miles on the river, which post, and the lands annexed thereto,

shall be to the use and under the government of the United States of America.

Art. 4. If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the lands hereby allotted to the Chickasaws to live and hunt on, such person shall forfeit the protection of the United States of America, and the Chickasaws may punish him or not as they please.

Art. 5. If any Indian or Indians, or persons residing among them, or who shall take refuge in their nation, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any citizen of the United States, or person under their protection, the tribe to which such offender or offenders may belong, or the nation, shall be bound to deliver him or them up, to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled: Provided that the punishment shall not be greater, than if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a citizen.

Art. 6. If any citizen of the United States of America, or person under their protection, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any Indian, such offender or offenders, shall be punished in the same manner, as if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed on a citizen of the United States of America; and the punishment shall be in presence of some of the Chickasaws, if any will attend at the time and place, and that they may have an opportunity so to do, due notice, if practicable, of such intended punishment, shall be sent to some one of the tribes.

Art. 7. It is understood, that the punishment of the innocent, under the idea of retaliation, is unjust, and shall not be practised on either side, except where there is a manifest violation of this treaty; and then it shall be preceded, first by a demand of justice, and, if refused, then by a declaration of hostilities.

Art. 8. For the benefit and comfort of the Indians, and for the prevention of injuries or oppressions on the part of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled, shail have the sole and exclusive right of regulating the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in such manner as they think proper.

Art. 9. Until the pleasure of Congress be known, respecting the 8th article, all traders, citizens of the United States, shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or towns of the Chickasaws to trade with them, and they shall be protected in their persons and property, and kindly treated.

Art. 10. The said Indians shall give notice to the citizens of the United States of America of any designs which they may know or suspect to be formed in any neighbouring tribe, or by any person whosoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States of America. Art. 11. The hatchet shall be for ever buried, and the peace given by the United States of America, and friendship re-established between the said states on the one part, and the Chickasaw nation on the other part, shall be universal; and the contracting parties shall use their utmost endeavours to maintain the peace given as aforesaid, and friendship re-established. In witness of all, and every thing herein contained, between the said states and Chickasaws, we, their underwritten commissioners, by virtue of our full powers, have signed this definitive treaty, and have caused our seals to be hereunto affixed. Done at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this 10th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1786.

(Signed)
(Witness)

Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Joseph Martin.
Piomingo, Mingatushka, Latopoia.

William Blount, William Hazzard, Samuel Taylor.
James Cole, Sworn Interpreter.

Arturies of a Treaty ontinet at Hopeva, a le leve, near Seneta Old-Town, between Besparin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens and Joseph Marta, Commanoners Pienpotentiary of the United States of America of the soe part; and I ekomanoma, great Meral Chief of Soonacoba, Yockehoooote, leading Chef a Bigugao, Mng tropare, eating Chief of Hiskooqua, Tobocoh, great. Mertas Chief of Concurso, Postezastave, Gorget Captain of Sonavazo, and thirteen smal Mental Charts of the first (as, tweise Meal and Gorget Capcans, Commasoners Plenipotentary, of all the Choektar Nation of the other part.

The commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States of America give peace to all the Choctaw nation, and receive them into the favour and protection of the United States of Ame nica, on the following conditions:

Art. 1. The commisioners plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw nation, shall restore all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, or subjects of their alles, to their entire Liberty, if any there be in the Choctaw nation. They shall also restore all the negroes, and ail other property taken during the late war, from the citizens, to such person, at such time and place, as the commissioners of the United States of Amenca shall appoint, if any there be in the Choctaw nation.

Art. 2. The commissioners plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw nation, do hereby acknowledge the tribes and towns of the said nation, and the lands within the boundary allotted to the said Indians, to live and bunt on, as mentioned in the 3d article, to be under the protec tion of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whosoever.

Art. 3. The boundary of the lands, hereby allotted to the Choctaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of the United States of America, is, and shall be the following, viz. Beginning at a point on the 31st degree of north latitude, where the eastern boundary of the Natches district shall touch the same; thence east along the said 31st degree of north latitude, being the southern boundary of the United States of America, until it shall strike the eastern boundary of the lands on which the Indians of the said nation did live and hunt on the 29th of November, 1782, while they were under the protection of the king of Great-Britain. Thence northerly along the said eastern boundary, until it shall meet the northern boundary of the said lands; thence westerly along the said northern boundary, until it shall meet the western boundary thereof; thence southerly along the same to the beginning; saving and reserving for the establishment of trading posts, 3 tracts or parcels of land, of 6 miles square each, at such places as the United States in Congress assembled shall think proper; which posts, and the lands annexed to them, shall be to the use and under the government of the United States of America.

Art. 4. If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the lands hereby allotted to the Indians to live and hunt on, such person shall forfeit the protection of the United States of America, and the Indians may punish him or not as they please.

Art. 5. If any Indian or Indians, or persons residing among them, or who shall take refuge in their nation, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, or any citizen of the United States of America, or person under their protection, the tribe to which such offenders may belong, or the nation, shall be bound to deliver him or them up to be punished accord ing to the ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled: Provided that the punishment shall not be greater than if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a citizen.

Art. 6. If any citizen of the United States of America, or person under their protection, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any Indian, such offender or offenders shall be punished in the same manner, as if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed on a citizen of the United States of America; and the punishment shall be in presence of some of the Choctaws, if any will attend at the time and place; and that they may have an opportunity so to do, due notice, if practicable, of the time of such intended punishment, shall be sent to some one of the tribes.

Art. 7. It is understood that the punishment of the innocent, under the idea of retaliation, is unjust, and shall not be practised on either side, except where there is a manifest violation of this treaty; and then it shall be preceded, first by a demand of justice, and if refused, then by a declaration of hostilities.

Art. 8. For the benefit and comfort of the Indians, and for the prevention of injuries or oppressions on the part of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right of regulating the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in such manner as they think proper.

Art. 9. Until the pleasure of Congress be known, respecting the 8th article, all traders, citizens of the United States of America, shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or towns of the Choctaws, to trade with them, and they shall be protected in their persons and property and kindly treated.

Art. 10. The said Indians shall give notice to the citizens of the United States of America, of any designs which they may know or suspect to be formed in any neighbouring tribe, or by any person whosoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States of America. Art. 11. The hatchet shall be for ever buried, and the peace given by the United States of America, and friendship re-established between the said states on the one part, and all the

Choctaw nation on the other part, shall be universal; and the contracting parties shall use their utmost endeavours to maintain the peace given as aforesaid, and friendship re-established.

IN witness of all, and every thing herein determined, between the United States of America and all the Choctaws, we their underwritten commissioners, by virtue of our full powers, have signed this definitive treaty, and have caused our seals to be hereunto affixed. DONE at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this 3d day of January, in the year of our Lord 1786. (Signed) Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Jos. Martin.

Yockenahoma, Yockehoopoie, Mingohoopoie, Tobocoh, Pooshemastuby, Pooshahooma, Tuscoonoohoopoie, Shinshemastuby, Yoopakooma, Stoonokoohoopoie, Tehakuhbay, Pooshemastuby, Tuskkahoomoch, Tushkahoomoch, Yoostenochha, Tootehooma, Toobenohoomoch, Cshecoopoohoomoch, Stonakoohoopoie, Tushkoheegohta, Teshuhenochloch, Poosbonaltla, Okanconnooba, Autoonachuba, Pangekoolock, Steabee, Tenctehenna, Tushkementahock, Tushtallay, Cshnaangchabba, Cunnopoie. (Witness) Wm. Blount, John Woods, Saml. Taylor, Robert Anderson, Benjn. Lawrence. John Pitchlynn, James Cole, Interpreters.

TUESDAY, April 18, 1786.

Congress assembled: Present as before.

According to order, Congress proceeded to the election of a commissioner of the continental loan-office for the state of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations, in the room of Mr. Clarke, who has resigned; and the ballots being taken, William Ellery, esq. was elected, having been previously nominated by Mr. Long.

WEDNESDAY, April 19, 1786. Congress assembled: Present, as before.

The delegates for Massachusetts made the following motion:

Whereas the general court of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, did, on the 5th day of November last, pass the following resolve: "That his excellency the governor be, and hereby is requested to ask of the United States in Congress assembled, the loan of such a number of brass field-pieces as may be requisite for the several companies of artillery that now are, or hereafter may be formed in this commonwealth, to be returned in good order, when the United States in Congress assembled, shall require the same." And whereas the governor of the said commonwealth, in conformity with the said resolve, has requested of the delegates of the said commonwealth in Congress, to ask of the United States in Congress assembled, the loan of 60 pieces of brass field artillery, for the purposes, and to be returned as aforesaid. The said delegates, in pursuance of the premises, submit the following resolution.

That the secretary at war take order to deliver, from the arsenals of the United States, to the supreme executive of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 60 pieces of brass field artillery, for the use of the said commonwealth, taking receipts for such delivery. The said field pieces to be returned in good order, whenever the United States in Congress assembled shall require the same.

A motion was made by Mr. Long, seconded by Mr. Carrington, to postpone the consideration of the resolution proposed, in order to take up the following: "That however desirous Congress may be, on every occasion, to comply with the request of the state of Massachusetts, they cannot, with a due regard for the public safety, establish a precedent for dispersing the field artillery, or military stores of the United States, by loaning the same to individual states; but earnestly recommend it to every state, not supplied with such artillery or stores, to procure them without delay, pursuant to the 6th article of the confederation."

And on the question to postpone, for the purpose abovementioned; the yeas and nays being required by Mr. Long,

N-Hampshire, Mr. Long,

ay >

Massachusetts, Mr. Gorham,

Pennsylvania, Mr. Bayard,
Maryland,
Mr. Hindman,

ay >

King,