CHAPTER LXV.

ELEVATION OF TIMOUR OR TAMERLANE TO THE THRONE OF SAMARCANL). — HIS

CONQUESTS IN PERSIA, GEORGIA, TARTARY, RUSSIA, INDIA, syRIA, AND ANA-

TOLIA. – HIS TURKISH WAR. — DEFEAT AND CAPTIVITY OF BAJAZET. —

DEATH OF TIMOUR. — CIVIL WAR OF THE SONS OF BAJAZET. – RESTORATION

OF THE TURKISH MONARCHY BY MAHOMET THE FIRST. — SIEGE OF CONSTA-,-

TINOPLE BY AMURATH THE SECOND.

A.D.

Histories of TIMoUR, or Ta-

merlane . . . . . .

1361–1370. His first Adventures .

1370. He ascends the Throne of

Zagatai . . . . . .

1370–1400. His Conquests.

1380–1393. I. Of Persia .

1370-1383. II. Of Turkestan .

1390-1396. oo: Russia,

1398, 1399. III. Of Hindostan

1400. His War against Sultan Ba-
jazet . . . . . . .

Timour invades Syria

Sacks Aleppo . . . . .

1401. Damascus . . . . . .

And Bagdad

1402. Invades Anatolia .

Battle of Angora . . . .

Defeat and Captivity of Ba-

jazet . . . . . . .

The Story of his Iron Cage

disproved by the Persian

Historian of Timour .

Attested, 1, by the French.

, 2, by the Italians

, 3, by the Arabs .

—, 4, by the Greeks.

- , 5, by the Turks .

Probable Conclusion . -

1403. Death of Bajazet . . . .

CHAPTER LXVI,

APPLICATIONS OF THE EASTERN EMPERORS TO THE POPES. — VISITS TO THE
west OF JOHN THE FIRST, MANUEL, AND John THE SEconD, PALEOLOGUs.
— UNION OF THE GREEK AND LATIN CHURCHES PROMOTED by The COUNCIL
OF BASIL, AND CONCLUDED AT FERRARA AND FLORENCE. – STATE OF LITE-
RATURE AT CONSTANTINOPLE. – ITS REVIVAL IN ITALY BY THE GREEK
FUGITIVES. — CURIOSITY AND EMULATION OF THE LATINS.

CHAPTER LXVII.

SCHISM OF THE GREEKS AND LATINs. – REIGN AND CHARACTER OF AMURAth

THE SECOND. — CRUSADE OF LADISLAUS KING OF HUNGARY. — HIS DEFEAT

AND DEATH. — JOHN HUNIADES. — SCANDERBEG. — CONSTANTINE PALAEO-

A.D. Page | A.D. Page
John Corvinus Huniades . 133 His Walour . . . . . . 137

.456. His Defence of Belgrade, and 1467. And Death . . . . . 138

Death . . . . . . 134

1404-1413. Birth and Education

of Scanderbeg, Prince of

Albania . . . . . . 135

1443. His Revolt from the Turks 137

1448-1453. Constartine, the last

of the Roman or Greek

Emperors . . . . . 139

1450-1452. Embassies of Phranza 140

State of the Byzantine Court 142

CHAPTER LXVIII.

REIGN AND CHARACTER OF MAHOMET THE SECOND. — SIEGE, ASSAULT, AND

FINAL CONQUEST of CONSTANTINOPLE BY THE TURKS.— DEATH OF CONSTAN-

TiNE PALAEO),00US. — SERVITUDE OF

The Gr}.EKS. – Extinction. Of The

ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE EAST. — CONSTERNATION OF EUROPE. — CONQUESTS

Distress of the City . . . 165

Preparations of the Turks

for the general Assault . 166

Last Farewell of the Em-

peror and the Greeks . . 167

The general Assault . . . 16S

Death of the Emperor Con-

stantine Palaeologus . . 171

Loss of the City and

Empire . . . . . . 172

The Turks enter and pillage

Constantinople . . . . 172

Captivity of the Greeks . . 173

Amount of the Spoil . . . 174

Mahomet II. visits the City,

St. Sophia, the Palace, &c. 176

His Behaviour to the Greeks 177

He repeoples and adorns

Constantinople . . . .

Extinctica of the Imperial

Families of Comnenus

and Palaeologus. . . . 180

1460. Loss of the Morea . . . 181

1461. of Trebizond . . . 182

1453. Grief and Terror of Europe 183

1481. Death of Mahomet II. . . .185

178

CHAPTER LXIX.

STATE OF ROME FROM THE TWELFTH CENTURY. — TEMPORAL DOMINION OF

THE POPES. — SEDITIONS OF THE CITY. — POLITICAL HERESY OF ARNOLD OF

BRESCIA. - RESTORATION OF THE REPUBLIC. — The SENATORS. – PRIDE OF

THE ROMANS. — THEIR WARS. — They ARE DEPRIVED OF THE EI.ECTION

AND PRESENCE OF THE POPES, who RETIRE TO AVIGNON.— THE JUBILEE. –

NObi,E FAMILIES OF ROME. - FEUD OF THE COLONNA AND URSINI.

1100-1500. State and Revolutions

of Rome . . . . . . 186

800-1100. The French and Ger-

man Emperors of Rome . 187

Authority of the Popes in

Rome . . . . . . . 188

From Affection . . . . 188

Right . . . . . 189

Character AND CORONATION OF PETRARCH. — RESTORATION OF THE FREEDOM

AND GOVERNMENT OF ROME BY THE TRIBUNE RIENZI. — his VIRTUES AND

VICES, HIS EXPULSION AND DEATH. — RETURN OF THE POPES FROM AVIGNON.

– GREAT SCHISM OF THE WEST. — REUNION OF THE LATIN CHURCH. — LAST

struggleS OF ROMAN LIBERTY. -STATUTES OF ROME. — Final, SETTLE-

A.l.). Page A.D. P

1355. Petrarchinvites and upbraids Election of Martin W. . . o:

the Emperor Charles IV. 248 || 1417. Martin W. . . . . . . 257

He solicits the Popes of 1431. Eugenius IV. . . . . . 257

Avignon to fix their resi- 1447. Nicholas W. . . . . 257

dence at Rome . . . . 248 || 1434. Last Revolt of Rome. . . 257

1367-1370. Return of Urban W. . 249 || 1452. Last Coronation of a German

1377. Final Return of Gregory XI. 250 Emperor, Frederic III. . 258

1378. His Death . . . . . . 251 The Statutes and Govern-

Election of Urban VI. . . 251 ment of Rome . . . . 258

Election of Clement VII. . 251 1453. Conspiracy of Porcaro . . 260

1378-1418. Great Schism of the Last Disorders of the Nobles

West . . . . . . . 253 of Rome . . . . . . 261

Calamities of Rome . . . 253 1500. The Popes acquire the Ab-

1392-1407. Negociations for Peace solute Dominion of Rome 262

and Union . . . . . 254 The Ecclesiastical Govern-

1409. Council of Pisa . . . . 255 ment . . . . . . . 264

1414-1418. Council of Constance. 255 | 1585-1590. Sixtus W. . . . . 265

CHAPTER LXXI.

*ROSPECT OF THE RUINS OF ROME IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. — FOUR CAUSES

OF DECAY AND DESTRUCTION. — EXAMPLE OF THE COLISEUM. — RENOVATION

OF THE CITY. – CONCLUSION OF THE WHOLE WORK.

1430. View and Discourse of Pog- 1W. The Domestic Quarrels

gius from the Capitoline of the Romans . . . 278

Hill . . . . . . . 267 The Coliseum or Amphi-

His Description of the Ruins 268 theatre of Titus . . . 280

Gradual Decay of Rome. . 269 Games of Rome . . . . 282

Four Causes of Destruction 270 || 1332. A Bull-Feast in the Co-

I. The Injuries of Nature. 270 liseum . . . . . . 282

Hurricanes and Earth- Injuries . . . . . . . 284

quakes . . . . . 270 And Consecration of the Co-

Fires . . . . . . 271 liseum . . . . . . 284

Inundations . . . . 271 Ignorance and Barbarism of

II. The hostile Attacks of the Romans . . . . . 285

the Barbarians and 1420. Restoration and Ornaments

Christians . . . . . 273 of the City . . . . . 286

III. The Use and Abuse of Final Conclusion . . . . 288

the Materials . . . . 274

INDEx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

ANCIENT Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frontispiece.