...the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. operates of itself, without aid of any legislative provision. But when the terms...stipulation import a contract - when either of the parties engages to perform a particular act - the treaty addresses itself to the political, not the judicial...

...distinguish between "selfexecuting" and "non-self-executing'' treaties. InJustice Marshall's words: Our constitution declares a treaty to be the law of...stipulation import a contract, when either of the parties engages to perform a particular act, the treaty addresses itself to the political, not the judicial...

...enforceable by municipal courts.17 17 In the words of United States Chief Justice Marshall: A treaty is "to be regarded in courts of justice as equivalent...stipulation import a contract, when either of the parties engages to perform a particular act, the treaty addresses itself to the political, not the judicial...

...affirming that by its nature a treaty is a contract between nations and not a legislative act, he said: 'Our constitution declares a treaty to be the law of the land. It is, consequently, to be regarded as equivalent to an act of the legislature, whenever it operates of itself without the aid of any legislative...

...States shall be the supreme Law of the Land. . . . "). A treaty, duly ratified by the Senate, must thus "be regarded in courts of justice as equivalent to an act of the legislature. ..." Foster v. Neilson, 2.7 US (2 Pet.) 253, 315 (Marshall, CJ). See Laurence H. Tribe, AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL...