...preventive checks which are exercised by man. The positive checks to population are many and include every cause, whether arising from vice or misery, which in any degree contributes to shorten the natural duration of human life. Unhealthy occupations, hard labour, exposure...

...power of production. They consist of " all those customs, and all those diseases, which seem to he generated by a scarcity of the means of subsistence...extreme poverty, wars, diseases, famine, pestilence, and the^like. The obstacles to the increase of population, therefore, whether classed under the positive...

...pursuing the dictates of nature. "The positive checks to population are extremely various, and include every cause, whether arising from vice or misery, which in any degree contributes to shorten the natural duration of human life. Under this head may be enumerated all unwholesome...