CONTENTS

OF THE THIRD VOLUME.

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CHAPTER XXIV.-RESIDENCE OF JULIAN AT ANTIOCH.-HIS SUC-

CESSFUL EXPEDITION AGAINST THE PERSIANS. PASSAGE OF THE

TIGRIS. THE RETREAT AND DEATH OF JULIAN.-ELECTION OF JOVIAN.

-HE SAVES THE ROMAN ARMY BY A DISGRACEFUL TREATY.

A.D.

The Cæsars of Julian

362. He resolves to march against the Persians.

Julian proceeds from Constantinople to Antioch.
Licentious Manners of the People of Antioch

Their Aversion to Julian.

Scarcity of Corn and Public Discontent
Julian composes a Satire against Antioch

344-390. The Sophist Libanius

363. March of Julian to the Euphrates

His Design of Invading Persia.

PAGE

9

11

12

He Burns his Fleet

Danger and Difficulty of the Retreat.

Siege of Maogamalcha

Personal Behaviour of Julian

He transports his Fleet from the Euphrates to the Tigris

Passage of the Tigris, and Victory of the Romans

Situation and Obstinacy of Julian

Election of the Emperor Jovian

Negotiation and Treaty of Peace

The Weakness and Disgrace of Jovian

23

24

28

29

31

34

36

38

40

41

44

46

47

49

A.D.

He continues his Retreat to Nisibis

Universal Clamour against the Treaty of Peace

Jovian Evacuates Nisibis, and Restores the Five Provinces to

the Persians.

Reflections on the Death of Julian

On his Funeral

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56

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CH. XXV.. THE GOVERNMENT AND DEATH OF JOVIAN.-ELECTION OF

VALENTINIAN, WHO ASSOCIATES HIS BROTHER VALENS, AND MAKES

THE FINAL DIVISION OF THE EASTERN AND WESTERN EMPIRES.-

REVOLT OF PROCOPIUS.-CIVIL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ADMINISTRATION.

-GERMANY.-BRITAIN.-AFRICA. THE EAST.-THE DANUBE.-DEATH

OF VALENTINIAN. HIS TWO SONS, GRATIAN AND VALENTINIAN II.

SUCCEED TO THE WESTERN EMPIRE.

364. Jovian, with his Infant Son, assumes the Name and Ensigns

of the Consulship .

364. Election and Character of Valentinian

364. Death of Jovian

64

65

364. The final Division of the Eastern and Western Empires

365. Revolt of Procopius

69

366. His Defeat and Death

73

373. Severe Inquisition into the Crime of Magic at Rome and

75

364-375. The Cruelty of Valentinian and Valens

78

Their Laws and Government

80

83

367-378. Valens professes Arianism, and Persecutes the Catholics 84

373. Death of Athanasius

86

Just Idea of the Persecution of Valens

87

370. Valentinian restrains the Avarice of the Clergy

364-375. Foreign Wars

365. I. GERMANY. The Allemanni invade Gaul.

368. Valentinian Passes, and Fortifies, the Rhine

371. The Burgundians

II. BRITAIN. The Scots and Picts

343-366. Their Invasion of Britain

367-370. Restoration of Britain by Theodosius
366. III. AFRICA. Tyranny of Romanus

88

366–384. Ambition and Luxury of Damasus, Bishop of Rome

Valentinian maintains the Religious Toleration

CH. XXVI.-MANNERS OF THE PASTORAL NATIONS.-PROGRESS OF THE

HUNS, FROM CHINA TO EUROPE.-FLIGHT OF THE GOTHS. THEY PASS

THE DANUBE.-GOTHIC WAR.-DEFEAT AND DEATH OF VALENS.-

GRATIAN INVESTS THEODOSIUS WITH THE EASTERN EMPIRE. HIS

CHARACTER AND SUCCESS.-PEACE AND SETTLEMENT OF THE GOTHS.

Revolt of the Goths in Mæsia, and their first Victories

172

They penetrate into Thrace

174

377. Operations of the Gothic War

176

Union of the Goths with the Huns, Alani, &c.

178

379. The Emperor Gratian invests Theodosius with the Empire of

the East

193

Birth and Character of Theodosius .

194

379–382. His prudent and successful Conduct of the Gothic War 196

Divisions, Defeat, and Submission, of the Goths

200

386. Invasion and Defeat of the Gruthungi, or Ostrogoths

383-395. Settlement of the Goths in Thrace and Asia

Their Hostile Sentiments

205

203

204

CH. XXVII.-DEATH OF GRATIAN.-RUIN OF ARIANISM.-ST. AMBROSE.

FIRST CIVIL WAR AGAINST MAXIMUS.-CHARACTER, ADMINISTRATION,

AND PENANCE OF THEODOSIUS.-DEATH OF VALENTINIAN II.-SECOND

CIVIL WAR AGAINST EUGENIUS.-DEATH OF THEODOSIUS.

379-383. Character and Conduct of the Emperor Gratian

His Defects.

383. Discontent of the Roman Troops

Revolt of Maximus in Britain

383. Flight and Death of Gratian

383-387. Treaty of Peace between Maximus and Theodosius

380. Baptism and Orthodox Edicts of Theodosius

340-380. Arianism of Constantinople

378. Gregory Nazianzen accepts the Mission of Constantinople

380. Ruin of Arianism at Constantinople

381.

in the East.

226

The Council of Constantinople

227

Retreat of Gregory Nazianzen

229

380-394. Edicts of Theodosius against the Heretics

385. Execution of Priscillian and his Associates

374-397. Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan

232

233

236

385. His successful Opposition to the Empress Justina

387. Maximus invades Italy.

CH. XXVIII.-

.-FINAL DESTRUCTION OF PAGANISM.

THE WORSHIP OF SAINTS AND RELICS AMONG THE CHRISTIANS.

378-395. The Destruction of the Pagan Religion

State of Paganism at Rome

384. Petition of the Senate for the Altar of Victory

388. Conversion of Rome

381. Destruction of the Temples in the Provinces

The Temple of Serapis at Alexandria

389. Its final Destruction

390. The Pagan Religion is Prohibited

Oppressed

390-420. Finally Extinguished

The Worship of the Christian Martyrs

General Reflections

I. Fabulous Martyrs and Relics

II. Miracles

III. Revival of Polytheism.

IV. Introduction of Pagan Ceremonies.

272

274

276

280

283

285

287

291

293

295

297

300

300

300

302

304

CH. XXIX.-FINAL DIVISION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE BETWEEN THE

SONS OF THEODOSIUS.-REIGN OF ARCADIUS AND HONORIUS.-ADMI-

NISTRATION OF RUFINUS AND STILICHO.-REVOLT AND DEFEAT OF

GILDO IN AFRICA.

395. Division of the Empire between Arcadius and Honorius

386-395. Character and Administration of Rufinus

395. He oppresses the East

He is disappointed by the Marriage of Arcadius

Character of Stilicho, the Minister and General of the